Bifidobacterium infantis is a well-studied probiotic strain, particularly in the context of infant gut health and immune development. The Peyer’s patches are specialized lymphoid tissues in the small intestine that play a critical role in immune surveillance and the generation of immune responses to gut antigens. Scientific studies, particularly in animal models, have shown that colonization with B. infantis can influence the development and function of gut-associated lymphoid tissue, including Peyer’s patches.

Research indicates that B. infantis may enhance the maturation of the immune system in neonates, bolster mucosal immunity, and regulate the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. For example, studies in germ-free mice have demonstrated that introduction of B. infantis leads to increased size and cellularity of Peyer’s patches, as well as improved IgA production. Additionally, supplementation in human infants has been associated with changes in immune biomarkers related to mucosal immunity, although direct studies on Peyer’s patches in humans are limited.

Overall, the evidence supports a mechanistic link between B. infantis supplementation and modulation of the gut immune system, including Peyer’s patches, but most direct evidence comes from preclinical models rather than large-scale human trials. Thus, while there is scientific rationale and moderate experimental evidence for its use in supporting Peyer’s patches and gut immunity, the clinical evidence remains incomplete.