Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are prebiotic fibers known to modulate the gut microbiota and enhance gut health. Peyer’s patches are specialized lymphoid tissues in the small intestine that play a crucial role in the immune system by monitoring and responding to pathogens. Scientific studies have shown that FOS can increase the population of beneficial gut bacteria, such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli. These changes in the gut microbiota are associated with enhanced immune responses, which may include increased activity in Peyer’s patches.

Animal studies suggest that the intake of FOS can lead to the stimulation of the mucosal immune system, including Peyer’s patches. For example, some research in mice has demonstrated increased production of IgA antibodies in the gut associated with FOS supplementation, indicating heightened immune surveillance and activation of Peyer’s patches. However, direct evidence in humans is limited, and most findings are extrapolated from animal models or from indirect measures of immune modulation.

Overall, while there is a scientific rationale and some preliminary evidence supporting the use of FOS to support functions related to Peyer’s patches, the quality and quantity of direct clinical evidence is still limited. Thus, the evidence is rated as moderate (2/5), reflecting promising but not definitive support.