Evidence supporting the use of: Gamma Linolenic Acid
For the health condition: PMS (general)
Synopsis
Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2
Gamma Linolenic Acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid found in evening primrose oil, borage oil, and black currant seed oil, has been used as a dietary supplement to support symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The rationale for its use is based on the hypothesis that some women with PMS have impaired conversion of linoleic acid to GLA or altered prostaglandin metabolism, which GLA supplementation may help correct. Several small randomized controlled trials and observational studies have explored GLA’s effects on PMS symptoms like breast tenderness, mood swings, and bloating. While some studies report modest improvements—particularly for mastalgia (breast pain)—other studies have shown no significant benefit compared to placebo. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses generally conclude that the evidence is mixed and of low quality, with methodological limitations such as small sample sizes and inconsistent outcome measures.
Overall, GLA’s use for PMS is supported by a plausible biological mechanism and some clinical research, but the evidence is not robust or consistent. Most clinical guidelines do not recommend GLA as a first-line therapy for PMS due to insufficient high-quality evidence. Thus, while there is some scientific rationale and preliminary data, the evidence base is not strong enough to firmly validate its use.
Other ingredients used for PMS (general)
ashwagandhabeet
black cohosh
borage oil
bupleurum falcatum
calcium
chamomile
chaste tree
DIM (diindolylmethane)
dong quai root
EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid)
evening primrose oil
fennel
flaxseed
gamma linolenic acid (GLA)
green tea
inositol
jujube
kudzu
licorice root
lignans
liquid liver fractions
maca
magnesium
motherwort
pollen
quail egg
relora® (proprietary)
sage
soybean
valerian root
vitamin B6
vitamin C
vitamin D
watermelon
wild yam
zinc
tangerine
bee pollen
lingusticum wallichii
royal jelly
Equol (proprietary)
peach
27-deoxyactein
Alchemilla
Aerva lanata
Agrimonia pilosa
Acetylsalicylic acid
Agnuside
Ashoka
Borage
banana
Cohosh
Calendula
Clary sage
Cnidium
Cyathula
Chocolate
Dong Quai
Eicosapentaenoic Acid
Evening Primrose Oil
Estrogen
Lotus
Sweet Orange alcohol
Vervain
Other health conditions supported by Gamma Linolenic Acid
ArthritisEczema
Inflammation
PMS (general)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Skin (dry and/or flaky)