Evidence supporting the use of: Gamma linolenic acid (GLA)
For the health condition: PMS (general)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) is an omega-6 fatty acid found in evening primrose oil, borage oil, and black currant seed oil. Its use for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is primarily based on its role as a precursor to prostaglandin E1, a compound thought to have anti-inflammatory and hormone-modulating effects. These mechanisms suggest a plausible biological rationale for GLA’s potential to alleviate PMS symptoms such as breast tenderness, mood swings, and bloating.

Several clinical studies have investigated GLA’s efficacy for PMS, most notably with evening primrose oil supplements. Some early trials and small-scale studies reported modest improvements in breast pain (mastalgia) and certain PMS symptoms, but the results have been inconsistent and often limited by small sample sizes, lack of blinding, or methodological weaknesses. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (e.g., Cochrane reviews) generally conclude that the evidence supporting GLA for PMS is weak or inconclusive, with many studies showing no significant difference compared to placebo.

Despite widespread use and anecdotal support, current scientific consensus does not robustly endorse GLA as an effective treatment for PMS. However, its safety profile is generally favorable, and some individuals may experience subjective benefit. In summary, while there is a plausible biological mechanism and some limited clinical research, the overall scientific evidence supporting GLA for PMS is weak (rated 2/5).

More about gamma linolenic acid (GLA)
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Other health conditions supported by gamma linolenic acid (GLA)

Arthritis
Autoimmune Disorders
Eczema
PMS (general)
PMS Type H
Psoriasis
Rheumatoid Arthritis