Chinese Fleeceflower (Polygonum multiflorum, also known as He Shou Wu) has a long history in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), where it is used for a variety of conditions, including as a tonic for liver and kidney health, promoting longevity, and supporting vitality. Its use for joint pain and musculoskeletal issues, such as those seen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is primarily rooted in traditional practice rather than modern scientific validation. In TCM, He Shou Wu is believed to "nourish the blood" and "dispel wind-dampness," concepts that loosely correspond to alleviating joint pain and inflammation.

Some in vitro and animal studies have explored potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of constituents in Polygonum multiflorum, such as stilbenes and anthraquinones. However, these studies are preliminary and do not directly demonstrate efficacy in human RA. There is a notable lack of rigorous clinical trials evaluating its safety and effectiveness for rheumatoid arthritis in humans. Available evidence thus does not rise above anecdotal, historical, or preclinical support. Additionally, there are safety concerns with this herb, including reports of hepatotoxicity.

In summary, the use of Chinese Fleeceflower for rheumatoid arthritis is primarily supported by traditional practice, with limited and low-quality scientific evidence. Anyone considering its use should consult a healthcare professional due to potential risks.