Evidence supporting the use of: Cod Liver Oil
For the health condition: Rheumatoid Arthritis

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Cod liver oil is used in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on both traditional use and some scientific evidence. Cod liver oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) and vitamin D, both of which have anti-inflammatory properties. Several small clinical trials and observational studies have suggested that supplementation with cod liver oil or similar omega-3-rich oils may modestly reduce joint pain, morning stiffness, and the need for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in people with RA. For example, some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported improvements in joint tenderness and decreased disease activity, although results are mixed and often limited by small sample sizes and methodological differences.

The anti-inflammatory effect is believed to result from the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the production of less inflammatory eicosanoids. Additionally, vitamin D deficiency is common in RA, and cod liver oil’s vitamin D content may provide some additional benefit, though this remains less well established.

Despite these potential benefits, the evidence is not strong enough to recommend cod liver oil as a primary or sole therapy for RA. Most guidelines consider omega-3 supplementation as an adjunct to standard medical treatment. Overall, cod liver oil may offer mild symptom relief for some RA patients, but its use should not replace disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).

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