Evidence supporting the use of: Phenolic diterpenes
For the health condition: Rheumatoid Arthritis

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Phenolic diterpenes, particularly those found in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) such as carnosic acid and carnosol, have been investigated for their potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which are relevant to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Several preclinical studies (in vitro and animal models) have demonstrated that these compounds can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α and IL-6) and reduce oxidative stress, both key factors in the pathogenesis of RA. For example, research published in "Journal of Ethnopharmacology" and "Phytotherapy Research" has shown that extracts rich in phenolic diterpenes can suppress inflammatory pathways, such as NF-κB, and ameliorate joint swelling and tissue damage in animal models of arthritis.

However, direct clinical evidence in humans with RA is currently lacking. Most of the available data are limited to laboratory and animal studies, with no high-quality randomized controlled trials confirming efficacy or safety in RA patients. While the biological plausibility is supported by mechanistic studies, the current level of evidence is insufficient for strong clinical recommendations. In summary, the use of phenolic diterpenes for RA is supported by scientific investigation at the preclinical level, but human data remain absent, justifying a modest evidence rating.

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