Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Vitamin D has been studied in relation to Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) due to its role in mood regulation and the observation that vitamin D synthesis decreases with reduced sunlight exposure during winter months—the same period when SAD symptoms commonly occur. Several observational studies have found an association between low serum vitamin D levels and increased risk of depression, including SAD. Some small interventional studies have suggested that vitamin D supplementation may improve depressive symptoms in people with low baseline vitamin D levels. However, results are inconsistent and randomized controlled trials specifically targeting SAD are limited, with some showing minimal or no benefit. Clinical guidelines do not uniformly recommend vitamin D as a primary treatment for SAD, though it is sometimes considered as an adjunct, particularly in individuals with documented deficiency. Overall, while there is a plausible biological rationale and limited clinical evidence, the level of support is modest, and further high-quality research is needed to clarify its efficacy for SAD specifically.

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