Evidence supporting the use of: N-Acetyl Cysteine
For the health condition: Sinus Infection

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) has been investigated for its potential role in supporting or treating sinus infections (sinusitis), primarily due to its mucolytic properties. NAC acts as a precursor to glutathione and is well-documented for its ability to break down mucus by cleaving disulfide bonds in mucoproteins, thus lowering mucus viscosity. This makes it easier for patients to clear thick, sticky secretions often associated with sinus infections.

Several clinical studies and reviews have explored NAC’s efficacy in upper respiratory tract conditions. A 2015 systematic review in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery highlighted that NAC can improve mucociliary clearance and reduce the thickness of nasal secretions in chronic rhinosinusitis. Other studies, including randomized controlled trials, have shown that adjunctive use of NAC with standard treatments can lead to symptomatic improvement in both acute and chronic sinusitis, though the magnitude of benefit varies.

Despite these positive findings, the overall quality of evidence is moderate. Some studies have small sample sizes, lack blinding, or have methodological limitations. Major guidelines do not routinely recommend NAC as a first-line therapy for sinus infections, but they acknowledge its use as a supportive adjunct in certain cases—especially where mucus plugging is prominent.

In summary, while NAC is not a primary treatment for sinus infections, its scientific basis as a mucolytic agent provides a rationale for its supportive use, particularly in cases characterized by thick mucus. More large-scale, high-quality studies are needed to further clarify its role.

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