Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Bromelain, an enzyme mixture extracted from pineapple stems, has been studied for its effects on the sinuses, particularly in the context of sinusitis and nasal inflammation. Several clinical trials and reviews have investigated bromelain's potential to reduce symptoms such as nasal congestion, inflammation, and mucus production. A notable double-blind, placebo-controlled study published in Rhinology (1995) found that bromelain supplementation reduced recovery time in children with acute sinusitis. Additional research, including a 2016 meta-analysis in Complementary Therapies in Medicine, reported that bromelain may improve symptoms and shorten duration of acute sinusitis, likely due to its anti-inflammatory and mucolytic properties. The proposed mechanisms include the reduction of pro-inflammatory mediators and facilitation of mucus drainage. Despite these findings, the overall quality of evidence is moderate. Many studies have small sample sizes, and some lack rigorous controls or standardized dosing protocols. Systematic reviews highlight the need for larger, high-quality randomized controlled trials to confirm efficacy and establish guidelines for use. Nonetheless, bromelain is used in some European countries as an adjunct to conventional therapy for sinusitis. In summary, while there is scientific basis for bromelain's use to support sinus health, the evidence is not unequivocal, and it is best viewed as a potentially useful adjunct rather than a primary treatment.

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