Evidence supporting the use of: Calories
For the body system: Skeletal System (Bones)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 5

Calories are a measure of energy provided by food, rather than a discrete nutrient or ingredient. Adequate caloric intake is scientifically essential for the maintenance and health of the skeletal system. Bones are dynamic tissues that constantly undergo remodeling, a process dependent on energy availability. Multiple clinical and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that insufficient caloric intake, such as occurs in chronic undernutrition, eating disorders, or extreme calorie-restricted diets, leads to decreased bone mineral density, impaired bone growth, and an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. This is particularly well-documented in adolescents, athletes (especially females), and older adults. Mechanistically, low caloric intake results in hormonal changes—including reductions in estrogen, testosterone, and insulin-like growth factor-1—that adversely affect bone formation and increase bone resorption.

Conversely, a well-balanced diet that provides sufficient calories supports optimal bone growth and maintenance throughout life. While excessive caloric intake (especially from unhealthy sources) can have negative health consequences, scientific evidence overwhelmingly validates that meeting energy needs is fundamental for skeletal health. Thus, the use of calorie sufficiency to support the skeletal system is not merely traditional, but is strongly supported by rigorous scientific research.

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