Peat, a natural substance formed from decomposed plant material, has been traditionally used in spa and balneotherapy treatments, particularly in Europe. In recent years, there has been some scientific investigation into its effects on skin health. Peat contains humic substances, fulvic acids, minerals, and organic compounds that are believed to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Several in vitro and small-scale clinical studies suggest that peat extracts may help reduce inflammation, soothe irritation, and support skin barrier function. For example, research has indicated potential benefits for conditions such as eczema and psoriasis, possibly due to peat's ability to modulate inflammatory mediators and improve hydration.

However, the quality and quantity of clinical evidence remain limited. Most studies are small, not always placebo-controlled, and often conducted in specific spa settings. There is a lack of large, robust, peer-reviewed clinical trials demonstrating clear, consistent benefits of peat for general skin care in the wider population. As a result, while there is some scientific basis for its use, especially for inflammatory skin conditions, the overall evidence is modest and does not yet fully support widespread claims of efficacy for general skin care.