Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Ginkgolides are a group of diterpene lactones isolated from the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree. They are among the primary active constituents believed to contribute to Ginkgo's pharmacological effects. Ginkgolides, especially ginkgolide B, are known antagonists of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and have demonstrated neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties in preclinical models. The use of Ginkgo biloba extracts, which contain ginkgolides, is scientifically explored for supporting neurotransmitter-related functions, particularly in the context of cognitive health and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease.

Multiple randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses suggest that standardized Ginkgo biloba extracts can have a modest positive effect on cognitive function, memory, and attention in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. These outcomes are thought to be mediated in part by the modulation of neurotransmitter systems (e.g., cholinergic and dopaminergic pathways), as well as by improving cerebral blood flow. However, it is important to note that most studies investigate whole-plant extracts rather than isolated ginkgolides. While preclinical research indicates that ginkgolides may influence neurotransmitter systems by protecting neurons and affecting synaptic transmission, direct clinical evidence linking isolated ginkgolides to specific neurotransmitter modulation in humans is limited. In summary, there is moderate scientific support for the use of Ginkgo biloba extracts (containing ginkgolides) in supporting neurotransmitter-related functions, but the evidence for isolated ginkgolides is less robust.

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