Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Growth factors are biologically active proteins that play crucial roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue repair. Their use to support the spinal disks (intervertebral disks) is primarily based on scientific research, particularly within the fields of regenerative medicine and orthopedics. Experimental and early clinical studies have investigated the application of various growth factors—such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)—to stimulate regeneration of the degenerated intervertebral disk. The rationale is that growth factors can enhance the synthesis of extracellular matrix components, such as proteoglycans and collagen, which are essential for disk health and function. Some animal studies and initial human trials have shown promising results in terms of disk height restoration and pain reduction. However, the evidence is still emerging, and large-scale, long-term clinical trials are limited. Challenges remain regarding effective delivery, dose optimization, and safety, particularly the risk of unwanted tissue growth or inflammation. Therefore, while there is scientific validation and a rationale for using growth factors to support spinal disks, the strength of evidence is moderate at best, and clinical application is not yet routine.

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