Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Stem cell therapy has been increasingly investigated as a treatment option for degenerative spine diseases, including intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), which affects the spinal disks. Scientific research over the past two decades has demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), derived from sources such as bone marrow or adipose tissue, have the potential to differentiate into nucleus pulposus-like cells and produce extracellular matrix components important for disk function. Preclinical animal studies and early-phase clinical trials have shown that stem cell injections into degenerated spinal disks can improve disk hydration, restore some mechanical function, and reduce pain in certain patients. However, current evidence is still emerging, and most clinical studies are small, preliminary, and lack long-term follow-up. There is moderate scientific validation for the use of stem cells in this context, but the evidence is not yet robust enough for widespread clinical adoption. No strong traditional or historical use exists since stem cell therapy is a modern medical innovation. Ongoing research aims to optimize cell sourcing, delivery methods, and patient selection to improve outcomes. Overall, while promising, stem cell therapy for spinal disk support is still considered experimental, with a moderate but not definitive evidence base.

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