Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) has been traditionally used as a topical remedy for musculoskeletal pain, including sprains, in various folk and herbal medicine systems. The main active constituent in wintergreen oil is methyl salicylate, which is chemically related to aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Traditionally, wintergreen oil has been applied externally to ease muscle and joint discomfort, including pain from sprains and strains. The warming sensation produced by methyl salicylate is thought to increase blood flow and provide temporary pain relief through counterirritation—a phenomenon where stimulating the skin can reduce the perception of deeper pain.

However, while its use is grounded in tradition and supported by the known pharmacology of methyl salicylate, modern clinical trials specifically evaluating wintergreen oil for the treatment of sprains are lacking. Most evidence comes from anecdotal reports and extrapolation from the effects of topical salicylates in general. Furthermore, improper use or application of wintergreen oil can be toxic, particularly in children. In summary, while traditional use and plausible mechanisms exist, high-quality scientific studies specific to wintergreen and sprains are limited, resulting in a low to moderate evidence rating.

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