The Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia) has been studied for its potential to treat Staphylococcus infections, including those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Several laboratory studies have demonstrated that extracts from the plant, particularly from its berries and leaves, possess antimicrobial activity against staph bacteria. A notable 2017 study published in Scientific Reports identified a flavone-rich extract from the fruit that did not directly kill S. aureus, but rather inhibited the formation of bacterial biofilms and blocked the bacteria's ability to communicate and produce toxins—a process known as quorum sensing. This mechanism is significant because it can reduce the virulence of the bacteria and help the host immune system clear the infection more effectively.

Although these results are promising, the majority of the evidence comes from in vitro (test tube) studies and animal models. There are currently no large-scale human clinical trials confirming the efficacy or safety of Brazilian peppertree extracts for treating staph infections. Nonetheless, the research provides a scientific rationale for its use and highlights the potential of plant-derived compounds in addressing antibiotic resistance. Traditional use in South America for wound healing and infections also exists, but the modern interest is driven primarily by scientific findings. Further research is needed to establish dosing, safety, and effectiveness in humans.