Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a key role in reducing neuronal excitability and promoting relaxation. The rationale for using GABA supplements to support or treat stress derives from its physiological function in the brain; increased GABA activity is associated with anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing) and calming effects. Some prescription anti-anxiety and sleep medications (such as benzodiazepines) work by enhancing GABAergic activity.

However, the evidence supporting the use of oral GABA supplements for stress is limited and mixed. The main challenge is that GABA taken orally is believed to have poor ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, raising doubts about its direct impact on brain function. Some small human studies have suggested that oral GABA may promote relaxation and reduce stress markers, possibly through indirect effects or via the enteric nervous system and gut-brain axis. For example, a few clinical trials have reported reductions in stress indicators (such as salivary cortisol or subjective stress ratings) following GABA supplementation, but these studies tend to be small, short-term, and sometimes industry-funded.

Overall, while the physiological role of GABA in stress regulation is well established, robust clinical evidence supporting the effectiveness of supplemental GABA for stress in otherwise healthy individuals is weak at this time. More rigorous, independent research is needed to clarify its efficacy.

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