Picamilon is a synthetic compound formed by combining niacin (vitamin B3) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It was originally developed in Russia in the 1970s and is used in some countries as a prescription medication for anxiety, stress, and certain neurological conditions. The rationale for its use in stress management is based on its unique pharmacology: the niacin component facilitates passage through the blood-brain barrier, after which Picamilon is hydrolyzed, releasing GABA and niacin in the brain. GABA is a primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, thought to play a role in reducing neuronal excitability and promoting relaxation.

Scientific evidence for Picamilon’s efficacy in stress and anxiety is limited. Some early Russian clinical studies—often not accessible in English and with methodological limitations—suggested benefits for anxiety, mild depression, and stress-related symptoms. These studies reported improvements in subjective well-being and reductions in anxiety scores. However, there have been few high-quality, placebo-controlled trials published in peer-reviewed Western journals. Reviews and regulatory bodies, including the FDA, have noted the lack of robust, modern clinical evidence supporting its use, and Picamilon is not approved as a pharmaceutical or dietary supplement in many countries. Thus, while there is some scientific rationale and preliminary data, the overall evidence base is weak, and the quality of supporting studies is generally low.