Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Copper is an essential trace mineral in the human body and plays a scientifically validated role in supporting the structural system, particularly bone health. Copper is a cofactor for several enzymes involved in the formation and maintenance of connective tissue, including lysyl oxidase, which is critical for the cross-linking of collagen and elastin—key components of bone and connective tissue strength. Deficiency in copper has been linked to skeletal abnormalities, osteoporosis, and impaired bone development in both animal and human studies. However, the body requires only small amounts, and copper deficiency is relatively rare in healthy individuals consuming a balanced diet. While copper is necessary for bone health, there is currently limited evidence from human clinical trials demonstrating that copper supplementation in individuals with adequate dietary intake provides additional benefits for bone density or structural integrity. Excessive copper intake, conversely, can be toxic. Thus, while the necessity of copper for the structural system is scientifically established, the strength of evidence for supplementation beyond dietary sufficiency is moderate, meriting a rating of 3.

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