Evidence supporting the use of: 1,3,7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-dione
For the body system: Sympathetic Nervous System

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

1,3,7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-dione is the chemical name for caffeine, a well-known central nervous system stimulant. Its use to support the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is primarily justified by scientific evidence. Caffeine works as an adenosine receptor antagonist, which increases neurotransmitter release (such as norepinephrine and dopamine), leading to heightened alertness and increased activation of the SNS. This results in physiological effects such as increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, enhanced energy availability (through lipolysis and glycogenolysis), and improved physical performance — all effects mediated by sympathetic nervous system activation.

Numerous peer-reviewed studies have documented these effects. For example, research published in journals such as Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior and Journal of Applied Physiology demonstrates that caffeine increases catecholamine (e.g., adrenaline) levels in the bloodstream, a hallmark of sympathetic nervous system activation. Caffeine's role in increasing sympathetic outflow is also utilized in clinical settings, such as in the treatment of certain types of headaches and for enhancing alertness in situations of fatigue.

While individual sensitivity and tolerance to caffeine can vary, the scientific consensus supports its acute stimulatory effects on the SNS in humans. However, long-term effects and excessive use can have adverse outcomes, and thus moderation is advised. Overall, the evidence base for caffeine’s ability to support the sympathetic nervous system is strong and well-understood.

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Other body systems supported by 1,3,7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-dione

Brain
Circulatory System
Heart
Mitochondria
Nerves
Sympathetic Nervous System

Products containing 1,3,7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-dione

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