Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Betel, particularly in the form of betel quid (which typically combines betel leaf, areca nut, and sometimes tobacco), has a long-standing traditional use for oral hygiene and dental health in South and Southeast Asia. Historical records and ethnobotanical studies indicate that chewing betel leaves was believed to strengthen teeth, freshen breath, and clean the mouth. The astringent properties of betel leaf and the mechanical action of chewing are thought to provide some cleaning effect. In some cultures, betel was used as a social and medicinal practice for oral health, with anecdotal reports suggesting benefits such as the reduction of toothache and prevention of caries. However, modern scientific evidence supporting betel's beneficial effects on dental health is limited and controversial. While some laboratory studies have noted mild antimicrobial properties of betel leaf extracts against oral pathogens, the habitual chewing of betel quid—especially with areca nut and tobacco—has been strongly linked to negative oral health outcomes, including gum recession, staining, oral submucous fibrosis, and an increased risk of oral cancers. Thus, while traditional practices exist, current dental and medical consensus does not support the use of betel for promoting dental health due to its associated risks.

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