Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 5

Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is scientifically validated for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis, particularly in arterial thrombotic events such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Aspirin acts as an antiplatelet agent by irreversibly inhibiting the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) enzyme in platelets, which blocks the synthesis of thromboxane A2, a potent promoter of platelet aggregation. This mechanism reduces the ability of platelets to clump together, thereby lowering the risk of clot formation in arteries.

Numerous large-scale randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses support its use. The Antithrombotic Trialists’ Collaboration meta-analysis (Lancet, 2002) demonstrated that aspirin significantly reduces the risk of serious vascular events in patients at high risk of thrombosis. Aspirin is a cornerstone in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events according to guidelines from the American Heart Association, the European Society of Cardiology, and other major organizations.

While aspirin is less effective for venous thrombosis compared to anticoagulants, it is sometimes used for secondary prevention in patients who cannot tolerate other drugs. However, its principal, evidence-based role is in the prevention and acute management of arterial thrombosis.

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