Evidence supporting the use of: Terpinen-4-ol
For the health condition: Thrush

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Terpinen-4-ol is a major active component of tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia). Its use for treating or supporting thrush (oral candidiasis) is based primarily on in vitro and some animal studies showing antifungal activity, particularly against Candida albicans, the primary causative agent of thrush. Laboratory studies have repeatedly demonstrated that terpinen-4-ol and tea tree oil can inhibit the growth of Candida species, disrupt biofilm formation, and damage fungal cell membranes. For example, research published in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy and other journals has reported minimum inhibitory concentrations of terpinen-4-ol effective against Candida albicans. However, robust clinical evidence in humans is limited. There are a handful of small studies and case reports suggesting that tea tree oil-containing products may help with oral candidiasis, but these typically test the oil as a whole rather than isolated terpinen-4-ol. Furthermore, concerns about mucosal irritation and toxicity limit its use in the oral cavity. No large, high-quality randomized controlled trials have established the safety and efficacy of terpinen-4-ol or tea tree oil for thrush in humans. In summary, while scientific studies support an antifungal effect in laboratory settings, clinical validation is weak and the evidence base is limited, especially for terpinen-4-ol as a standalone agent. Its use is not standard medical practice for thrush.

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Products containing Terpinen-4-ol

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