Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Selenium is an essential trace mineral with a scientifically validated role in thyroid health. The thyroid gland requires selenium for the synthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormones. Specifically, selenium is a critical cofactor for the enzymes known as iodothyronine deiodinases, which convert the less active thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) into the more active form, triiodothyronine (T3). Several clinical studies have demonstrated that selenium supplementation can improve certain parameters in individuals with autoimmune thyroid diseases, such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease. For example, some randomized controlled trials have found that selenium supplementation may reduce thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody levels in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, potentially indicating reduced autoimmune activity. Additionally, selenium deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of thyroid dysfunction and goiter formation. However, while selenium supplementation can be beneficial for individuals with low selenium status or certain thyroid conditions, it is not universally recommended for all populations, as excessive intake may lead to toxicity. Major health organizations, including the European Thyroid Association, recognize the role of selenium in thyroid hormone metabolism, though they advise that supplementation should be targeted and not indiscriminate. Overall, the evidence supports a clear and specific scientific rationale for the use of selenium in supporting thyroid gland function.

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