Evidence supporting the use of: Fluoride
For the health condition: Tooth Decay
Synopsis
Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 5
Fluoride is scientifically validated as an effective agent for preventing and treating tooth decay (dental caries). Extensive research over many decades has demonstrated that fluoride strengthens tooth enamel, making it more resistant to acid attacks from bacteria in the mouth. This is achieved primarily through two mechanisms: first, fluoride incorporates into the crystalline structure of enamel, forming fluorapatite, which is less soluble in acid than the original hydroxyapatite. Second, fluoride has been shown to inhibit the metabolic activity of cariogenic bacteria, thereby reducing acid production.
Numerous systematic reviews and meta-analyses, including those by the Cochrane Collaboration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), have concluded that community water fluoridation and the use of fluoride-containing toothpaste significantly reduce the incidence of dental caries in both children and adults. The World Health Organization (WHO), American Dental Association (ADA), and other major health bodies globally endorse the use of fluoride for caries prevention, based on a strong body of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, and public health data.
While there is some debate regarding the optimal concentration and potential for dental fluorosis (a cosmetic condition), the consensus is that the benefits of fluoride in caries prevention far outweigh the risks when used appropriately. Therefore, fluoride’s use in supporting and treating tooth decay is grounded in robust scientific evidence.