Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid found primarily in fish oil. Its use for lowering high triglyceride levels is strongly supported by scientific evidence. Multiple randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated that EPA, either alone or in combination with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), significantly reduces serum triglyceride concentrations in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia. The mechanism is believed to involve reduced hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) synthesis and enhanced clearance of triglyceride-rich particles from the bloodstream.

Prescription-strength omega-3 products containing EPA (such as icosapent ethyl, Vascepa®) have been approved by regulatory agencies (e.g., FDA) specifically for the treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia. Clinical trials such as the MARINE and ANCHOR studies have shown triglyceride reductions of up to 45% in patients taking high-dose EPA. Additionally, the REDUCE-IT trial demonstrated that EPA not only lowers triglycerides, but also reduces cardiovascular events in high-risk patients.

Overall, the evidence supporting EPA’s use for high triglycerides is robust, and current clinical practice guidelines recommend omega-3 fatty acids (especially EPA) as adjunctive therapy for patients with persistently elevated triglycerides despite lifestyle intervention.