Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Silymarin, a flavonoid complex extracted from the seeds of Silybum marianum (milk thistle), has been investigated for its potential lipid-lowering effects, including the reduction of high triglycerides. Several preclinical studies and a modest number of clinical trials suggest that silymarin may exert beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. Proposed mechanisms include antioxidant activity, improvement of insulin sensitivity, and modulation of hepatic lipid synthesis and secretion. Some small-scale clinical studies in patients with type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome have reported significant reductions in triglyceride levels after silymarin supplementation (typically 200–600 mg/day for 2–6 months), often alongside improvements in other markers such as fasting glucose and LDL cholesterol. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews, however, note that the number of high-quality randomized controlled trials is limited, with inconsistent dosing, short durations, and heterogeneous patient populations.

Traditionally, silymarin has been used more for liver protection than for explicit lipid-lowering effects. Although there is emerging scientific evidence supporting its modest triglyceride-lowering properties, this evidence is not yet robust or consistent enough to warrant strong recommendations for its use solely for hypertriglyceridemia. Silymarin may be considered as an adjunct in patients with metabolic syndrome or diabetes, particularly if there is coexisting liver dysfunction. More large-scale, high-quality human trials are needed to determine its efficacy and optimal dosing for triglyceride reduction.

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