Anemarrhena asphodeloides, known as "Zhimu" in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has historically been used as an adjunctive herb in the management of conditions characterized by "Yin deficiency" and "heat," which includes symptoms that may overlap with tuberculosis (TB) such as chronic cough, fever, and night sweats. In classical TCM texts, Anemarrhena is included in herbal formulas aimed at reducing "lung heat" and nourishing Yin, which were often prescribed for consumptive diseases resembling TB.

However, direct scientific evidence supporting Anemarrhena's efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB, is limited and largely preclinical. Some in vitro studies suggest that certain saponins and xanthones from Anemarrhena may possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, but robust clinical trials in the context of TB are lacking. Thus, its use is justified primarily by traditional herbal practices rather than modern scientific validation. The historical evidence for its use in TB is rooted in symptom management rather than direct antimicrobial activity.

In summary, Anemarrhena continues to be cited in TCM for supporting TB management, but its role is adjunctive and based on traditional concepts, with minimal direct scientific evidence specific to tuberculosis.