Evidence supporting the use of: Theophylline
For the health condition: Tuberculosis

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Theophylline is a methylxanthine drug primarily used as a bronchodilator in the management of respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Its use in tuberculosis (TB) is not aimed at treating the underlying infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but rather at alleviating respiratory symptoms or complications that may arise in TB patients, particularly when there is significant airway obstruction or concomitant obstructive airway disease. Historically, theophylline has occasionally been used in TB patients with reactive airway disease or significant bronchospasm, as TB can sometimes trigger or worsen obstructive lung symptoms.

There is limited scientific evidence (rated 2/5) directly supporting theophylline as a treatment for TB itself. However, some clinical guidelines and reviews acknowledge its role as an adjunct therapy in TB patients who develop airway obstruction, especially in regions where inhaled bronchodilators may not be available or affordable. Theophylline's mechanism as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor results in bronchodilation, which can provide symptomatic relief. It is not considered part of the standard anti-tubercular therapy and does not possess antimicrobial activity against M. tuberculosis. Its use is further complicated by significant drug-drug interactions with rifampicin and other TB medications, which can alter theophylline metabolism and necessitate careful monitoring.

In summary, theophylline may be scientifically justified to relieve airway obstruction in selected TB patients, but is not a treatment for the infection itself, and evidence for its benefit in this context is modest and primarily symptomatic.

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Products containing Theophylline

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