Hericium erinaceus, also known as Lion’s Mane mushroom, has garnered scientific attention for its potential role in supporting or treating ulcers, particularly gastric and duodenal ulcers. The justification for its use stems from several in vivo and in vitro studies, primarily conducted in animal models. These studies demonstrate that extracts of Hericium erinaceus can promote gastric mucosal healing, reduce gastric ulcer area, and enhance the regeneration of the epithelial lining. The mechanisms proposed include antioxidant activity, modulation of inflammatory cytokines, and upregulation of growth factors such as nerve growth factor (NGF), which may play a role in tissue repair and mucosal protection.

For example, research published in "International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms" (2013) showed that rats with ethanol-induced gastric ulcers treated with Hericium erinaceus extract exhibited significant reductions in ulcer index and histopathological improvements compared to controls. Other studies suggest the mushroom’s polysaccharides and phenolic compounds contribute to its gastroprotective effects.

However, while there is promising preclinical evidence, robust human clinical trials are very limited. Most claims are based on animal studies, and the translation to human medicine remains to be clearly established. Thus, the evidence rating reflects moderate preclinical support but insufficient clinical validation at this time.