Evidence supporting the use of: Pine bark
For the health condition: Ulcers

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Pine bark extract, particularly from the French maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), is often marketed for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, owing largely to its high content of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs). There is some scientific research suggesting that these compounds may support gastrointestinal health and potentially assist in the management of ulcers, particularly gastric ulcers. Several animal studies have demonstrated that pine bark extract can reduce the formation of gastric lesions, likely by inhibiting oxidative stress and enhancing mucosal defense mechanisms. For example, a 2014 study in rats found that Pycnogenol®, a proprietary pine bark extract, significantly reduced ulcer indices and improved antioxidant enzyme activities.

However, evidence in humans is limited. Most available studies are preclinical, with only a handful of preliminary clinical trials exploring its efficacy in ulcer healing or symptom relief. These studies suggest potential benefits, but they are not robust enough to draw definitive conclusions or to compare pine bark extract's effectiveness against standard ulcer treatments like proton pump inhibitors or H2 antagonists. Therefore, while there is a scientific rationale and some supporting evidence from animal models, human data are insufficient and of low quality. The use of pine bark for ulcer treatment is not rooted in traditional medicine, but rather in recent scientific investigation into its bioactive compounds.

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