Evidence supporting the use of: Cranberry
For the health condition: Urinary Tract Infections

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) has a long history of use in preventing and supporting the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly among women. The justification for its use is based on both tradition and a growing body of scientific evidence, though the quality and consistency of that evidence vary. The primary mechanism by which cranberry is believed to help prevent UTIs is through the presence of proanthocyanidins (PACs), which may inhibit the adhesion of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria to the urinary tract lining. By preventing bacterial adherence, cranberry may reduce the risk of infection or recurrence.

Several randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews have evaluated cranberry products (juice, capsules, or tablets) for UTI prevention. Some studies suggest a modest benefit, particularly in women with recurrent UTIs, while others show minimal or no effect. A 2023 Cochrane review concluded that cranberry products probably reduce the risk of symptomatic, recurrent UTIs in women, children, and people susceptible to UTIs, but the effect size is moderate and not all studies agree. The evidence is less robust for treating acute UTIs, where antibiotics are still the standard of care.

In summary, while cranberry is not a substitute for antibiotics in treating active UTIs, there is moderate scientific support for its role in prevention, particularly for individuals with frequent recurrences. The benefit appears to be greatest with standardized high-PAC cranberry extracts rather than juices with low PAC content.

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