Evidence supporting the use of: Lactobacillus (various species)
For the health condition: Urinary Tract Infections

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Lactobacillus species are commonly used as probiotics with the goal of preventing or managing urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly recurrent UTIs in women. The rationale for their use is based on the observation that a healthy vaginal and periurethral microbiota is typically dominated by Lactobacillus species, which help maintain an acidic environment and produce bacteriocins and hydrogen peroxide, inhibiting the growth of uropathogens (such as Escherichia coli). Scientific studies, including randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, have evaluated the efficacy of orally or vaginally administered Lactobacillus strains for UTI prevention. Results have been mixed: some studies suggest a modest reduction in UTI recurrence, while others show no significant benefit compared to placebo. Large, well-conducted trials are limited, and no consensus exists regarding optimal strains or dosing regimens. The 2022 Cochrane review concluded that, while Lactobacillus probiotics may be safe and theoretically beneficial, current evidence does not strongly support their routine use for UTI prevention, and further research is needed. Overall, the use of Lactobacillus for UTIs is supported by biological plausibility and some preliminary clinical data, but robust, high-quality evidence remains lacking, justifying a moderate-low rating of 2 out of 5.

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