Pedalium murex, commonly known as "Gokhru" or "Large Caltrops," has a long-standing use in traditional Ayurvedic and Unani medicine for managing urinary disorders, including burning or painful urination (dysuria). Ancient texts and ethnobotanical surveys cite its use as a diuretic and soothing agent for the urinary tract. The fruits and sometimes the whole plant are included in formulations aimed at relieving symptoms associated with urinary tract infections, stones, and inflammation.

Scientific validation for this application is limited. Some preclinical studies suggest that extracts of Pedalium murex may possess mild anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects, potentially reducing discomfort during urination. However, these studies are mostly in vitro or animal-based, with very limited clinical trials in humans. No high-quality, large-scale randomized controlled trials have confirmed its efficacy or safety specifically for burning or painful urination. The proposed mechanisms are mainly attributed to its flavonoids, saponins, and other phytochemicals thought to mitigate inflammation and promote urine flow.

In summary, while Pedalium murex is traditionally used to support urinary health and alleviate dysuria, the scientific evidence supporting this use is weak to moderate, and more robust clinical research is needed to substantiate its efficacy and safety for this indication.