Paeoniflorin is a major bioactive compound found in the roots of Paeonia lactiflora (commonly known as white peony), a plant widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Historically, paeoniflorin-containing peony extracts are used in TCM formulas such as Shao Yao San and Shao Yao Gan Cao Tang, which are prescribed for a variety of gynecological conditions including menstrual irregularities, dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation), and uterine spasms. The traditional rationale is based on the herb's reputed ability to "nourish the blood," "regulate menstruation," and "relieve pain" by relaxing smooth muscle tissue and correcting imbalances thought to underlie gynecological disorders.

Scientific studies on paeoniflorin's effects are limited and mostly preclinical. Some animal and in vitro studies suggest that paeoniflorin may have anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and muscle-relaxing properties, which could theoretically support its traditional use for uterine cramps or spasms. However, robust clinical trial data in humans are lacking, and no authoritative medical guidelines recognize paeoniflorin as a validated treatment for uterine or gynecological health. Therefore, while there is a strong tradition of use in herbal medicine systems, scientific evidence remains preliminary.