Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is used in the treatment of varicose veins primarily via a technique called carboxytherapy. This involves the subcutaneous or intradermal injection of CO₂ gas. The proposed mechanism is that CO₂ increases blood flow and oxygenation in the treated area, potentially improving the appearance of varicose and spider veins. Several small clinical studies and case series have reported modest improvements in the cosmetic appearance of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency symptoms after carboxytherapy. However, most published studies are limited by small sample sizes, lack of blinding, or absence of control groups.

A systematic review by Brandi et al. (2010) summarized the potential mechanisms and applications of carboxytherapy, including for vascular conditions, but emphasized the need for more rigorous clinical trials. More recent literature (e.g., Savoia et al., 2013) also describes positive but preliminary outcomes. As of 2024, carboxytherapy is not a standard, guideline-recommended treatment for varicose veins; evidence for its effectiveness and safety is considered low to moderate quality. Larger, well-controlled studies are needed to establish its role compared to established therapies like sclerotherapy or laser ablation. In summary, while there is some scientific investigation and limited clinical use, the evidence justifying CO₂ for varicose veins is not robust.

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