Evidence supporting the use of: Glycolic acid
For the health condition: Warts

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Glycolic acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA), is primarily used in dermatology for its exfoliative properties, aiding in the treatment of conditions such as acne, hyperpigmentation, and photoaging. Its use in the management of warts is based on its ability to cause controlled chemical exfoliation, which helps remove the thickened, keratinized skin associated with warts. There is some scientific evidence supporting its use: several small clinical studies and case reports have indicated that topical glycolic acid (often at concentrations of 10-70%) can be effective in reducing the size and thickness of common and plantar warts, particularly when combined with other keratolytic agents like salicylic acid.

However, the evidence is limited and consists mainly of small trials, case series, and comparative studies rather than large-scale randomized controlled trials. For example, studies such as those published in the International Journal of Dermatology (e.g., Ibrahim et al., 2011) suggest that glycolic acid can be a safe and effective adjunctive treatment, especially for recalcitrant warts. Its mechanism relies on breaking down intercellular bonds in the stratum corneum, thereby facilitating the removal of infected tissue and enhancing penetration of other topical therapies. Still, glycolic acid is not considered a first-line therapy for warts, with agents like salicylic acid and cryotherapy remaining standard of care. Overall, while there is some scientific support, the strength of evidence is modest.

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