Evidence supporting the use of: Podophyllum
For the health condition: Warts

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Podophyllum, specifically in the form of podophyllin resin or podophyllotoxin, is scientifically validated for the treatment of warts, particularly anogenital warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Podophyllum resin is derived from the rhizomes and roots of the Podophyllum plant (Podophyllum peltatum or Podophyllum emodi). Its active compounds, podophyllotoxin and related lignans, possess antimitotic properties, inhibiting cell division by binding to tubulin, which leads to cell death in the affected tissue. This cytotoxic effect is responsible for the necrosis of wart tissue after topical application. Several clinical studies and authoritative medical guidelines endorse the use of podophyllotoxin for external genital and perianal warts. For example, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) list podophyllotoxin as a recommended topical therapy for these conditions. Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated efficacy rates ranging from 45% to 83% for clearance of genital warts, with podophyllotoxin compared favorably to placebo and sometimes to other treatments such as imiquimod or cryotherapy. However, podophyllum resin should not be used on open wounds, mucous membranes (such as inside the vagina or anus), or on large surface areas due to risks of systemic toxicity. Side effects can include local irritation, ulceration, and, rarely, systemic effects if absorbed. Its use is contraindicated in pregnancy due to potential teratogenicity.

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