Cistanche species, particularly Cistanche deserticola and Cistanche tubulosa, have a long history of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as a tonic for "kidney yang deficiency," which is often associated with symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and various forms of wasting (emaciation, muscle loss, and general debility). These traditional uses are documented in classical TCM texts, where Cistanche is referred to as "Rou Cong Rong." It is commonly prescribed to enhance vitality, improve physical strength, and counteract wasting conditions in the elderly or those with chronic illnesses.

Scientific evidence supporting these traditional uses is limited. Preclinical studies have shown that Cistanche extracts may have anti-fatigue and muscle-protective effects in animal models, potentially due to their content of phenylethanoid glycosides, which possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Some research suggests possible benefits for muscle mass and endurance, but robust clinical trials in humans addressing wasting syndromes (such as cachexia or sarcopenia) are lacking. Overall, Cistanche's reputation for treating wasting is primarily based on traditional use, with limited but suggestive preclinical scientific support.