Evidence supporting the use of: Glutamine alpha-ketoglutarate
For the health condition: Wasting

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Glutamine alpha-ketoglutarate (GAKG) is a compound that combines the amino acid glutamine with alpha-ketoglutarate, an intermediate in the Krebs cycle. The use of glutamine, particularly, has been explored for its potential to support muscle protein synthesis and reduce muscle wasting (cachexia), especially in clinical settings such as critical illness, cancer, or HIV/AIDS. There is a scientific rationale for glutamine supplementation in wasting conditions, as glutamine serves as a fuel for rapidly dividing cells and supports immune function. Some studies have shown that glutamine supplementation can help preserve lean body mass and improve nitrogen balance in patients with severe illness or injury, where muscle wasting is a significant concern. However, the evidence is mixed, and meta-analyses have not consistently shown robust clinical benefits, especially outside of specific populations (e.g., burn or trauma patients). As for alpha-ketoglutarate, it plays a role in amino acid metabolism and has been studied for its potential to reduce muscle protein breakdown. However, research on the combination (GAKG) itself is limited, and direct evidence supporting its use in wasting syndromes is lacking. Most studies focus on glutamine alone. Thus, while there is some scientific basis for glutamine (and possibly GAKG) use in wasting, the overall evidence supporting its efficacy is modest and insufficient for strong recommendations.

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