IngredientsThe term fructofuranoside refers to any glycoside in which the sugar component is β-D-fructofuranose — the furanose (five-membered ring) tautomeric form of the monosaccharide fructose — attached via a glycosidic bond to another molecule (the aglycone). The suffix -oside in systematic IUPAC nomenclature denotes the presence of this glycosidic linkage. Fructofuranoside units are therefore not a single compound but a structural motif shared by a large and chemically diverse family of naturally occurring carbohydrates, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and plant secondary metabolites.
Sucrose is the most abundant and well-known representative. Sucrose (α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1↔2)-β-D-fructofuranoside) is the most common low-molecular-weight sugar found in the plant kingdom; it is ubiquitously known as common table sugar and is primarily produced industrially from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). The systematic name explicitly encodes the β-D-fructofuranoside half of the molecule: the systematic name, α-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-fructofuranoside, ends in the suffix -oside, indicating that sucrose is not a reducing sugar.
Beyond sucrose, the fructofuranoside motif is a foundational structural element of the entire class of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), as well as longer-chain fructans such as inulin. Fructooligosaccharides are oligosaccharides that occur naturally in plants such as onion, chicory, garlic, asparagus, banana, and artichoke, among many others; they are composed of linear chains of fructose units linked by β(2→1) bonds, with the number of fructose units ranging from 2 to 60 and often terminating in a glucose unit. Inulins are polymers composed mainly of fructose units (fructans) and typically have a terminal glucose; the fructose units in inulins are joined by a β(2→1) glycosidic bond, and the molecule is almost exclusively linear, with only a few percent branching.
In formal IUPAC nomenclature, the inulin family is named as alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-[beta-D-fructofuranosyl](n-1)-D-fructofuranosides, abbreviated as GpyFn, where n is the number of fructose residues — explicitly embedding the fructofuranoside designation. Fructofuranoside units are also found as the carbohydrate components of numerous plant steroidal and phenolic glycosides, where an aglycone (e.g., a sapogenin, flavonoid, or phenylpropanoid) is linked through its hydroxyl group to a β-D-fructofuranose sugar.
Given the breadth of the fructofuranoside motif, the following major sub-categories are relevant to dietary supplement science and nutrition:
Fructofuranoside-containing molecules are among the most ubiquitous carbohydrate structures in the plant kingdom. Their occurrence spans a vast range of botanical families, food plants, and medicinal herbs.
FOS occur naturally in plants such as onion, chicory, garlic, asparagus, banana, and artichoke, among many others. Inulin is a natural storage carbohydrate present in more than 36,000 species of plants, including agave, wheat, onion, and banana. Inulins are a group of naturally occurring polysaccharides produced by many types of plants, industrially most often extracted from chicory; inulin is used by some plants as a means of storing energy and is typically found in roots or rhizomes.
Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is the dominant commercial source: inulin is commonly manufactured from plant sources, mainly from roots of chicory (Cichorium intybus), but also from tubers of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) and from the piña (head) of the Blue Agave plant, in which inulin can be present in concentrations up to approximately 20% by weight on fresh plant material. Inulin is widely distributed among various plant species, with the richest sources comprising members from the Asteraceae family, particularly chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), dahlia (Dahlia spp.), and agave (Agave spp.) roots; chicory and Jerusalem artichoke are the primary inulin sources used in the food industry.
The degree of polymerization (DP) — i.e., the chain length of linked fructofuranoside units — varies by source: natural inulin from chicory appears as a polydisperse mixture of slightly branched chains with a DP ranging from 2 to about 70; natural (standard grade) chicory inulin has a DP of approximately 10, whereas natural inulin from Jerusalem artichoke has a DP of approximately 6.
Agave plants contain structurally distinct fructofuranoside-based fructans known as agavins, which are more highly branched than chicory inulin. Agavins act as a fermentable dietary fiber and have attracted increasing scientific attention.
Asparagus racemosus Willd. (Shatavari) is a prominent medicinal plant whose root contains fructofuranoside-linked steroidal saponins. Shatavari is popular among all therapeutic plants due to the presence of various bioactive chemicals such as steroidal glycosides, saponins (primarily Shatavarins I, II, III, and IV), polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids (racemosol), and vitamins. Phytochemically, roots are enriched with various bioactive constituents such as furostanol and spirostanol saponins (shatavarins I–X), ursane glycoside, oligospirostanoside (immunoside), polycyclic alkaloid (Aspargamine A), and isoflavones (8-methoxy-5,6,4′-trihydroxy isoflavone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside).
Inulins are also found in members of the Asteraceae family, which includes species used in traditional herbal medicine across Europe, Asia, and the Americas. Chicory itself has been used in folk medicine globally: chicory is a perennial plant grown in different parts of the world and is used as forage for livestock, as a folklore remedy, and as a vegetable addition in human diets; there are several varieties, known differently globally due to their numerous medicinal, culinary, and nutritional qualities; most parts of the plant contain carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, soluble fiber, trace elements, and bioactive phenolic compounds.
FOS are naturally present in various fruits and vegetables but are primarily produced enzymatically or microbially from sucrose or long-chain fructans, namely inulin; enzymes such as fructosyltransferase, β-fructofuranosidase, and endoinulinase are typically involved in their production. The enzyme β-fructofuranosidase (also called invertase; EC 3.2.1.26) is central to both the natural biosynthesis and industrial manufacture of fructofuranoside oligomers. Invertases or β-fructofuranosidases catalyze the release of β-fructose from the non-reducing termini of various β-D-fructofuranoside substrates; these enzymes may also produce short-chain fructooligosaccharides (FOS) by transfructosylation, in which one to three fructosyl moieties are linked to a sucrose unit.
Yeast species such as Rhodotorula dairenensis produce β-fructofuranosidase, a highly glycosylated enzyme with broad substrate specificity that catalyzes the synthesis of 6-kestose and a mixture of the three series of FOS, fructosylating a variety of carbohydrates and other molecules.
The dietary intake of fructofuranoside-containing oligosaccharides has been a feature of human nutrition since prehistory, primarily through the consumption of inulin- and FOS-rich plant foods. Chicory root (C. intybus) has been consumed across Europe and the Mediterranean since antiquity as a salad leaf, roasted root coffee substitute, and folk medicine ingredient. Onion and garlic — naturally rich in FOS — are among the oldest cultivated food plants in the world, documented in ancient Egyptian records and referenced in classical Greco-Roman medicinal texts.
Agave plants, whose piñas (cores) contain dense fructan fructofuranoside polymers, have been central to Mesoamerican cultures for thousands of years. Pre-Columbian peoples of Mexico fermented agave fructans to produce pulque, a traditional beverage, and consumed roasted agave piñas as a primary food source. The fructan content (agavins) of these preparations would have constituted a significant dietary source of fructofuranoside oligosaccharides. Agavins act as a fermentable dietary fiber and have attracted increasing scientific attention.
The most clearly documented traditional medicinal use of a fructofuranoside-containing plant in a codified system is that of Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari) in Indian Ayurvedic medicine. Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus Willd.) is a renowned adaptogenic herb in Ayurvedic medicine, which is traditionally recognized for its efficacy in promoting and maintaining female reproductive health; it is referred to as the "Queen of Herbs" and is believed to exert rejuvenating effects, promote hormonal balance, and enhance emotional well-being.
A study of ancient classical Ayurvedic literature claimed several therapeutic attributes for the root of A. racemosus, and it has been specially recommended in cases of threatened abortion and as a galactagogue; the root of A. racemosus has been described as bitter-sweet, emollient, cooling, nervine tonic, constipating, galactagogue, aphrodisiac, diuretic, rejuvenating, carminative, stomachic, antiseptic, and tonic.
Shatavari is a plant native to the Indian subcontinent and has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for a long history as a galactagogue in India; it is also included in the official Ayurvedic pharmacopeia for this use. Asparagus, being regarded as 'rasayana' and forming part of 64 formulations in Ayurveda, has been used as a health tonic for the treatment of a wide range of clinical manifestations such as cancer, immune disorders, and female reproductive health-related issues. Preparations have traditionally included root powder (churna), medicated ghee (ghrita), and decoctions (kwatha).
Chicory is a perennial plant grown in different parts of the world and has been used as a folklore remedy and as a vegetable addition in human diets; there are several varieties of the chicory plant known differently globally due to its numerous medicinal, culinary, and nutritional qualities. In pre-modern European herbalism, chicory root was used for liver complaints, digestive disorders, and as a mild laxative — actions that modern science now attributes, at least in part, to the prebiotic fermentation of its inulin/FOS content in the large intestine.
The pharmacologically active attributes of dietary fructofuranoside-containing compounds are largely governed by the chain length (degree of polymerization), β-glycosidic linkage type, branching pattern, and the nature of the aglycone (if present).
Dietary FOS are not hydrolyzed by small intestinal glycosidases and reach the cecum structurally unchanged; there they are metabolized by the intestinal microflora to form short-chain carboxylic acids, L-lactate, CO₂, hydrogen, and other metabolites. This resistance to upper-gastrointestinal digestion is a defining feature of the fructofuranoside β(2→1) linkage, which human gut enzymes cannot cleave. As a type of dietary fiber, FOS can enter the colon without undergoing digestion by gastric acid and endogenous enzymes, and serve as a fermentation substrate for the intestinal microbiota.
In Asparagus racemosus, the fructofuranoside linkage appears as the glycan component of steroidal saponins. Steroidal saponins, Shatavarins, are the principal bioactive constituents of Shatavari root. The plant is popular due to the presence of steroidal glycosides, saponins (primarily Shatavarins I, II, III, and IV); various novel extraction methods have been used to separate steroidal saponins such as shatavarins I–X from the root powder; the primary glycoside linked to sarsasapogenin is shatavarin I, which contains 3-glucose and rhamnose moieties.
β-Fructofuranosidase (invertase; EC 3.2.1.26) is both an endogenous digestive enzyme and a commercially produced food enzyme. It cleaves fructofuranoside bonds in plant polysaccharides and is used industrially to produce FOS. β-Fructofuranosidase enzyme food supplement compositions have been developed that alleviate gastrointestinal distress caused by ingested food containing the oligosaccharides raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose; in one embodiment, the composition comprises a β-fructofuranosidase enzyme, a cellulase enzyme, and a hemicellulase enzyme. The method involves ingesting the enzyme supplement to convert the oligosaccharides raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose to reducing sugars; the β-fructofuranosidase enzyme converts these oligosaccharides, which cause gastrointestinal distress, to reducing sugars which are easily digested by endogenous enzymes.
A more recent area of research involves the enzymatic attachment of fructofuranoside units to phenolic compounds. Enzymatic fructosylation has emerged as a strategy to enhance the hydrophilicity of polyphenols by introducing sugar moieties, leading to the development of phenolic glycosides that exhibit improved solubility, stability, and biological activities compared to their non-glycosylated forms.
The core biological mechanism of FOS-type fructofuranoside compounds is their selective fermentation by beneficial bacteria in the large intestine. FOS are well-known carbohydrates that promote healthy gut microbiota and have been previously demonstrated to enhance levels of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus; their bifidogenic properties are associated with positive health outcomes such as reduced obesity and anti-inflammatory properties, and they are used as prebiotic supplements to support healthy gut microbiota.
It has been demonstrated that FOS can selectively promote the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the intestinal tract, and also reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and interferon (IFN)-γ to regulate intestinal immunity.
Microbial fermentation of fructofuranoside oligomers in the colon produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), primarily acetate, propionate, and butyrate. The high-abundance SCFAs, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are highly influenced by the addition of FOS as a prebiotic. Butyrate is the primary energy source for colonocytes and has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties. SCFAs also acidify the luminal environment, which has downstream effects on mineral solubility and absorption.
The intestinal microflora in the lower gut can ferment FOS, which results in a reduced pH; calcium is more soluble in acid, and therefore more of it comes out of food and is available to move from the gut into the bloodstream. FOS also have an increasing effect on the intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and iron.
Both FOS and the combination of FOS with Saccharomyces boulardii can significantly promote the growth of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus, lower environmental pH, and enhance several physiological functions related to synthesis and metabolism. The immune-modulatory effects are thought to arise indirectly through SCFA signaling and directly through interaction of the microbiota with gut-associated lymphoid tissue.
For fructofuranoside-linked saponins in Asparagus racemosus, the proposed mechanism differs: primary bioactive constituents include steroidal saponins (Shatavarins), which have demonstrated progesterone-enhancing and estrogen-mimicking properties in preclinical studies; in addition, Shatavari contains phytoestrogens, flavonoids, alkaloids, and quercetin glycosides, which collectively contribute to its proposed role in modulating endocrine function. Shatavari contains phytoestrogens, compounds known for their estrogen-like effects, which play a crucial role in alleviating the discomfort associated with menopause.
This is the best-evidenced application of dietary fructofuranoside oligomers. In vivo human studies have shown that dietary addition of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) leads to an increase in fecal bifidobacteria and is an effective prebiotic.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evidence: A 2022 systematic review and meta-analysis registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022312446) examined FOS supplementation effects on the human gut microbiota. The review assessed the impact of FOS intake at different doses on changes in human microbial populations and also performed an analysis of adverse gastrointestinal symptoms, given that FOS intake may be associated with negative gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating and flatulence due to its high fermentability.
A 2024 in vitro study used a 24-hour culturing method to assess FOS's effects on gut microbiota across different adult age groups ranging from 25 to 70 years, finding differential responses. The study illustrated that the high-abundance SCFAs, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are highly influenced by the addition of FOS as a prebiotic. However, in contrast with in vitro findings, a clinical trial found that FOS decreased the amount of butyrate in fecal microbiome samples after 14 days of treatment. This underlines the limitation that in vitro evidence does not always translate directly to human clinical outcomes.
Evidence strength: Consistent and moderately strong for the bifidogenic effect across multiple human clinical trials and systematic reviews. Evidence for broader systemic health outcomes deriving from microbiota changes is more heterogeneous.
FOS are increasingly included in food products and infant formulas due to their prebiotic effect stimulating the growth of nonpathogenic intestinal microflora; their consumption increases fecal bolus and the frequency of depositions, and a dose of 4–15 g/day given to healthy subjects will reduce constipation.
Multiple randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have specifically evaluated FOS for constipation in different populations. One such RCT in infants assessed the effect of fructooligosaccharides in infants with constipation (published in Nutrients, 2018). A 2021 study in children aged 4 to 8 years examined polydextrose/FOS mixtures on constipation symptoms. A 2024 systematic review and meta-analysis addressed fructooligosaccharides for relieving functional constipation, and a 2022 observational dose-ranging study evaluated the gastrointestinal tolerance of short-chain FOS from sugar beet in healthy volunteers.
Evidence strength: Moderate; multiple RCTs support laxation effects, with a 2024 systematic review and meta-analysis available. Effects are dose-dependent and more consistent in populations with low baseline fiber intake.
Clinical and pre-clinical studies support the benefits of FOS-containing products on bone and mineral metabolism; in adolescent girls and healthy adult men, FOS supplementation improved the intestinal mineral absorption. Postmenopausal women supplemented with FOS exhibited an increase in calcium uptake along with a decrease in the serum bone resorption marker C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen; generally, these effects on intestinal calcium uptake have been linked to increases in SCFAs.
A systematic review on the ingestion of FOS and the absorption of minerals and trace elements identified 759 articles, with 19 articles meeting inclusion criteria in rats related to calcium and iron uptake. The authors concluded: it seems indisputable that the consumption of FOS increases or improves the intestinal absorption of minerals and trace elements. However, the effects of FOS on the absorption of calcium, magnesium, and iron in humans are less clear; some studies have shown a positive effect on the absorption of calcium or magnesium, while one study showed no effect on calcium, magnesium, and iron absorption.
A specific human study by Tahiri et al. (2003), published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, examined the effect of short-chain fructooligosaccharides on intestinal calcium absorption and calcium status in postmenopausal women using a stable-isotope methodology.
A 2014 RCT (Slevin et al., J Nutr) found that supplementation with calcium and short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides affects markers of bone turnover but not bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.
Despite heterogeneity in the human literature regarding the relationship between prebiotics and bone health, the positive effect on calcium absorption is well-supported and may be a mechanism linking prebiotics and bone mineralization.
Animal studies consistently report a positive effect of inulin-type fructans on mineral absorption, particularly calcium and magnesium, and bone mineral density; however, caution is warranted in the interpretation and translation of findings from animal studies, as the mechanisms of mineral absorption may differ.
Evidence strength: Animal evidence is strong and consistent; human evidence is more mixed. Effects on mineral absorption biomarkers are supported, but translation to improved bone mineral density in clinical trials has been inconsistent.
A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 33 RCTs examined inulin-type fructan supplementation and glycemic control in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes populations. The review assessed the effect of inulin-type fructans on blood lipid profile and glucose level. However, individual trials have shown conflicting results: one noted that consumption of fructooligosaccharides does not favorably affect blood glucose and serum lipid concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes.
FOS have a low sweetness intensity; they are also calorie-free, non-cariogenic, and are considered soluble dietary fiber. Their non-digestible nature means they do not contribute to postprandial glycemic excursions when used as a partial sugar replacement. Fructooligosaccharides are used as alternative sweeteners because they carry fewer calories than sugar and do not cause a spike in blood sugar.
Evidence strength: Preliminary to moderate; while FOS does not raise blood glucose itself, robust evidence for therapeutic improvement of glycemic markers in type 2 diabetes is mixed across RCTs.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 20 RCTs with 607 adult participants found that twenty RCTs were included in this systematic review; in the overall analysis, the supplementation of inulin-type fructans reduced only LDL-cholesterol (mean difference: –0.15; 95% CI: –0.29, –0.02; P=0.03) without affecting other endpoints.
FOS have important beneficial physiological effects, including a prebiotic effect, improved mineral absorption, and decreased levels of serum cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and phospholipids. However, these data largely originate from lower-quality studies and animal models. The effect on triglycerides and HDL cholesterol was not significant in the meta-analytic evidence.
Evidence strength: Weak to moderate for LDL-cholesterol reduction; effect sizes are small. Evidence for triglyceride and HDL effects is not well-supported by meta-analytic data.
A 2022 RCT (Giorgetti et al., J Nutr) evaluated the effect of prebiotic oligosaccharides on iron absorption, finding that prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides, but not acacia gum, increase iron absorption from a single high-dose ferrous fumarate supplement in iron-depleted women.
Evidence strength: Preliminary. While one RCT in iron-depleted women shows a positive signal for FOS, the evidence base is small and requires replication.
For steroidal fructofuranoside glycosides (shatavarins) in Asparagus racemosus: significant improvements were observed in all three domains (somato-vegetative, psychological, and urogenital) of the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) in the Shatavari treatment group (p < 0.0001), indicating a broad-spectrum effect on perimenopausal symptomatology.
A double-blind, prospective, randomized, controlled study of oral Shatavari formulation in postpartum women evaluated breast milk output. A prospective, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted at two centers in women with gestational age 37 weeks or more; 104 women were screened, of which 78 were randomized to receive either a bar containing Shatavari and oats or an identical placebo bar.
Despite its long-standing traditional use, clinical evidence supporting Shatavari's role in managing perimenopausal symptoms remains limited, with only a few well-designed trials available.
Evidence strength: Preliminary; a small number of RCTs exist, and results are promising but require larger, independent replication.
FOS have important beneficial physiological effects, including low carcinogenicity and a prebiotic effect. In vitro and animal studies support anti-inflammatory signaling through SCFA production and cytokine modulation. Human evidence for direct anti-inflammatory endpoints remains sparse and indirect. Dietary interventions involving prebiotics such as galactooligosaccharides and fructooligosaccharides promote health by modulating the gut microbiota; these prebiotics stimulate beneficial bacteria growth, enhance osteoblast activity, and improve calcium absorption and mineralization; clinical trials in postmenopausal women and animal studies demonstrate the beneficial effects of prebiotic supplementation on bone density and turnover markers.
Evidence strength: Largely preclinical. Human RCTs targeting immune endpoints as primary outcomes for FOS remain limited.
FOS are increasingly included in food products and infant formulas due to their prebiotic effect, which stimulates the growth of nonpathogenic intestinal microflora. The increasing consumer demand for healthy foods has driven the widespread use of FOS in the functional food industry; thus, FOS have been incorporated into dairy products, beverages, snacks, and pet foods.
Full-spectrum Shatavari products focus on delivering a standardized Asparagus racemosus root extract; one extraction method produced a root extract standardized to total Shatavarins (steroidal saponins) of 5%, verified by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Standardized extracts, root powders, capsules, and traditional decoctions are all commercially available forms.
β-Fructofuranosidase enzyme food supplement compositions, which alleviate gastrointestinal distress caused by ingested food containing the oligosaccharides raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose, comprise the β-fructofuranosidase enzyme, a cellulase enzyme, and a hemicellulase enzyme.
The following dosages are cited directly from scientific literature as used in human studies; they are not prescriptive recommendations.
Fructooligosaccharide (FOS), also known as oligofructose or oligofructan, is classified as "Generally Recognized as Safe" (GRAS) under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) (US FDA GRN 000605 and 000623). In 2018, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved inulin as a dietary fiber ingredient used to improve the nutritional value of manufactured food products. No FDA-approved therapeutic claims exist; products marketed as supplements must follow DSHEA rules (structure/function claims only, with required disclaimers).
The most common side effects of FOS are gastrointestinal, including flatulence, bloating, abdominal rumbling, and, at very high doses (over 20 grams), osmotic diarrhea. High levels of FOS may lead towards excessive gas production in human volunteers; the lowest efficacious amount of FOS should be used in the production of prebiotic foods.
FOS are fermentable short-chain carbohydrates (FODMAPs) and can worsen symptoms in people with FODMAP-sensitive IBS. FOS are not well tolerated in individuals with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) or with FODMAP sensitivity.
Genotoxicity tests on β-fructofuranosidase-derived FOS products did not indicate a safety concern. Cecal enlargement is a common finding in toxicology studies of FOS products in rodents, but this is considered an adaptive physiological response to increased colonic fermentation rather than a pathological finding, as it occurs without associated histopathology.
A search for homology of the amino acid sequence of β-fructofuranosidase to known allergens found no match; however, the panel considered that a risk of allergic reactions upon dietary exposure to the food enzyme cannot be excluded, but that the likelihood is low.
Simultaneous intake of FOS with calcium and magnesium may maximize colonic solubility and fractional mineral absorption. This represents a potentially beneficial, not adverse, interaction. No clinically significant drug interactions for FOS-type fructofuranoside compounds have been established in peer-reviewed literature; however, any compound that alters gut motility or microbiome composition has the theoretical potential to modify the absorption of co-administered drugs.
The gut microbiota changes with age, which may lead to differential responses to treatments with prebiotics and other dietary supplements. FOS has been used in infant formula and conventional foods as a prebiotic. Patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) may be particularly susceptible to adverse fermentation effects from FOS supplementation, as fermentable carbohydrates in the small intestine can exacerbate symptoms, though the clinical evidence specifically for FOS in SIBO populations is limited.
The strength of evidence across the applications of fructofuranoside-containing compounds is highly variable:
Health conditions that Fructofuranoside may help support.
Body systems that Fructofuranoside may help support.
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