Betaine

Condiciones de salud que Betaine puede ayudar a apoyar.

• HipocondríaCientífico

  Betaine supports antioxidant defense indirectly by enhancing the methionine cycle, thereby increasing glutathione (GSH) synthesis — the body's primary intracellular antioxidant. It also upregulates antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in animal models. The mechanism operates through betaine's methyl donation regenerating methionine, a precursor to cysteine and ultimately GSH.

• Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia AdquiridaCientífico

  Betaine lowers plasma homocysteine, a recognized risk factor for atherosclerosis and arterial disease. A 2021 meta-analysis found supplementation of 4–6 g/day reduced plasma homocysteine by ~1.23 µmol/L (≈11.8% of baseline). A prospective cohort in 1,292 CAD patients found the highest tertile of dietary betaine intake associated with a 45% lower risk of cardiovascular death versus the lowest tertile. Betaine acts via the BHMT enzyme to remethylate homocysteine to methionine, reducing atherogenic sulfhydryl load in plasma.

• Adicciones (drogas)Científico

  Betaine (trimethylglycine) is recognized by the NIH ODS as a studied ergogenic aid that may enhance performance via creatine biosynthesis upregulation, blood nitric oxide elevation, and cellular hydration. Limited RCT evidence in men shows potential benefits for power and strength-based exercise, though evidence is mixed.

• Fatiga SuprarrenalCientífico

  Lower plasma betaine levels are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance in epidemiological data. The Diabetes Prevention Program cohort found a 16% lower hazard for incident T2D per SD increase in plasma betaine. A 12-week RCT in obese prediabetic individuals showed betaine tended to reduce fasting glucose (p=0.08) and significantly reduced insulin area under the curve after oral glucose (p=0.038), though gold-standard insulin sensitivity by clamp was not improved.

• Válvula IleocecalCientífico

  Betaine supplementation at doses ≥4 g/day consistently raises total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in human RCTs, while not significantly affecting HDL cholesterol. A meta-analysis of four placebo-controlled RCTs found betaine increased LDL cholesterol and triglycerides in healthy humans. This is considered an adverse effect relative to its cardiovascular benefits from homocysteine lowering, and the net effect on cardiovascular risk from betaine supplementation remains uncertain.

• ApendicitisCientífico

  Betaine suppresses pro-inflammatory signaling, particularly the NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome, and modulates sulfur amino acid metabolism to reduce oxidative stress. Accumulating preclinical evidence across obesity, NAFLD, and diabetes models consistently shows attenuation of TNF-α and IL-1β. Human RCT data from exercise studies (2.5–5 g/day) showed no significant change in IL-1β, IL-6, or TNF-α in young males over 21 days, suggesting inflammation effects may be disease- or context-dependent.

• IncontinenciaCientífico

  Elevated homocysteine — which betaine robustly lowers — is a recognized risk factor for cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Betaine is FDA-approved for homocystinuria, a disorder with severe neurological sequelae when untreated. One-carbon metabolism compounds including betaine are associated with epigenetic aging biomarkers in NHANES cohort data. Preclinical literature reports beneficial effects of betaine in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease models, though direct large human RCTs in aging populations are lacking.

• Moretones (prevención)Científico

  A 2019 meta-analysis of six RCTs found betaine supplementation significantly reduced body fat mass and body fat percentage, though not total body weight or BMI. Effects appear most pronounced when combined with resistance training. A 2021 meta-analysis reached conflicting conclusions, finding no significant improvement in fat mass or fat-free mass, highlighting the evidence remains contested.

• JuanetesCientífico

  Betaine (trimethylglycine) has well-documented clinical evidence for lowering plasma homocysteine, an established cardiovascular risk marker, via remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. Multiple randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses confirm this homocysteine-lowering effect, though betaine supplementation at higher doses also raises LDL and total cholesterol, which partially offsets the cardiovascular benefit. The overall net effect on hard cardiovascular outcomes (myocardial infarction, stroke) has not been directly established in large intervention trials.

• Depósitos de CalcioCientífico

  Betaine (trimethylglycine/TMG) directly remethylates homocysteine to methionine via the enzyme betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) in the liver and kidneys, independently of folate or B12. A 2013 meta-analysis of 5 RCTs found betaine supplementation (≥4 g/day) significantly reduced plasma homocysteine by a pooled 1.23 µmol/L. Betaine is also used medically (as Cystadane) for genetic homocystinuria.

• Olor de piesCientífico

  Plasma betaine levels are approximately 14% lower in insulin-resistant versus insulin-sensitive individuals, and lower betaine is associated with a 16% lower hazard for incident T2D per SD increase in the Diabetes Prevention Program cohort. A 12-week RCT in 27 obese prediabetic participants found betaine reduced insulin AUC on OGTT (p=0.038) but did not improve insulin sensitivity by euglycemic clamp. Animal models robustly show betaine improves insulin tolerance and glucose homeostasis.

• Envenenamiento QuímicoCientífico

  Betaine is an established methyl donor for hepatic one-carbon metabolism, supporting S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthesis and thereby facilitating hepatic methylation, lipid export, and glutathione production. Clinical evidence in NASH/NAFLD is mixed: an open-label cohort study in 35 NASH patients (20 g/day, 1 year) showed improved liver enzymes and histology, while a subsequent RCT found no improvement in hepatic steatosis versus placebo. Betaine is FDA-approved (Cystadane) for homocystinuria to support hepatic homocysteine clearance.

• GingivitisCientífico

  Low plasma betaine concentrations are consistently reported in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Betaine's roles in homocysteine reduction, hepatic lipid metabolism, body composition, and blood sugar modulation all converge on metabolic syndrome features. Observational and cross-sectional human data support an inverse association between betaine status and metabolic syndrome risk.

• Trastorno Pulmonar Obstructivo CrónicoCientífico

  Betaine is a core substrate in one-carbon metabolism, donating methyl groups to regenerate SAM — the universal methyl donor for DNA methylation, amino acid synthesis, lipid metabolism, and neurotransmitter production. This metabolic role is well-documented in liver and kidney tissue. Betaine also functions as an osmoprotectant, maintaining cell volume and protein stability under osmotic stress.

• Glándulas (ganglios linfáticos inflamados)Científico

  Betaine is a direct methyl donor that remethylates homocysteine to methionine via betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT), independently of folate and B12. This BHMT pathway is a critical alternative methylation route. Clinical trials confirm betaine supplementation reliably lowers plasma homocysteine, and it is classified as a canonical methyl nutrient in peer-reviewed literature.

• Resfriados (antiviral)Científico

  Multiple RCTs show betaine supplementation improves muscle endurance and reduces post-exercise cortisol while increasing testosterone-to-cortisol ratios, suggesting attenuation of exercise-induced catabolic stress. A 2024 meta-analysis of 17 RCTs (n=317) found a significant effect size of 0.47 for maximal strength (1RM), particularly in lower body. Betaine modestly improved 60 km cycling performance and influenced one-carbon metabolism recovery markers in a 2025 crossover RCT.

• Congestión (pulmones)Científico

  Betaine (trimethylglycine) has been studied in multiple RCTs as an ergogenic aid for physical performance. Meta-analyses confirm improvements in muscle endurance, power output, and body composition. It functions as a methyl donor supporting creatine synthesis, homocysteine metabolism, and cellular hydration. Typical effective dose is 2.5 g/day for 6–15 days.

Sistemas corporales que Betaine puede ayudar a apoyar.

• No hay sistemas corporales disponibles.