IngredientesChemical identity: Chromium (chemical symbol Cr, atomic number 24) is a first-row transition metal element. The most stable oxidation state of chromium in biological systems is trivalent chromium (Cr³⁺), which forms relatively inert complexes with proteins and nucleic acids. Chromium is found primarily in two forms: trivalent (Cr³⁺), which is biologically active and found in food, and hexavalent (Cr⁶⁺), a toxic form that results from industrial pollution.
Discovery: Chromium was discovered by the French chemist Nicholas Louis Vauquelin at Paris in 1798. He was intrigued by a bright red mineral that had been discovered in a Siberian gold mine in 1766 and was referred to as Siberian red lead. It is now known as crocoite and is a form of lead chromate. Intrigued by the range of colours that it could produce in solution, Vauquelin named it chromium from the Greek word chroma, meaning colour.
Biological status recognition: Chromium was considered to be a component of plants and animals in 1948. It was found to be biologically active in 1954. In 1957, chromium was identified as an essential trace element for animal nutrition. The necessity of dietary chromium was formally established in 1959 by Schwartz.
Current essentiality debate: Scientists do not currently think that chromium is necessary for good health, and chromium deficiency has not been reported in healthy people. However, in 2001 scientists did consider chromium to be an essential nutrient, and they set recommended amounts based on the evidence available at that time. There is disagreement on chromium's status as an essential nutrient. Governmental departments from Australia, New Zealand, India, and Japan consider chromium as essential, while the United States and European Food Safety Authority of the European Union do not. In 2014, the European Food Safety Authority concluded that a dietary requirement — or even an adequate intake — cannot be set for trivalent chromium, as no conclusive evidence exists that chromium is essential at any dietary intake.
Common supplemental forms: Chromium is available in many dietary supplements, such as multivitamin/mineral supplements and supplements that contain only chromium. Chromium in dietary supplements is in many forms, including chromium picolinate and chromium chloride. Other documented forms include chromium nicotinate (sometimes sold as "GTF chromium" or glucose tolerance factor chromium), chromium yeast, and chromium polynicotinate. The body absorbs chromium similarly from the different forms used in supplements.
Chromium is present in many foods, including meats, grain products, fruits, vegetables, nuts, spices, brewer's yeast, beer, and wine. The most concentrated sources of chromium are brewer's yeast (not nutritional or torula yeast) and calf liver. Two ounces of brewer's yeast or four ounces of calf liver supply between 50 and 60 micrograms (mcg) of chromium. Other good sources of chromium are whole grains, beer, and cheese.
The chromium content of common foods is generally low (1–13 micrograms per serving). The chromium content of food varies widely, due to differences in soil mineral content, growing season, plant cultivar, and contamination during processing. Cereals contribute variable, but potentially important, amounts of chromium to the total diet. The chromium content of a 50 g serving (dry weight) of 43 brands of cereal varied from 0.15 to 35 μg. High-bran cereals are generally, but not always, high in chromium.
The chromium content in foods may increase or decrease with processing. Early reports indicated chromium losses when grains and sugars were refined. However, acidic foods accumulate chromium during preparation and processing, particularly when heated in stainless steel containers. Chromium (and nickel) leach into food cooked in stainless steel, with the effect being largest when the cookware is new. Acidic foods that are cooked for many hours also exacerbate this effect.
Unlike many botanical supplements, chromium has no documented pre-scientific traditional medicinal use as an isolated compound, because it was not identified as a distinct element until 1798 and its biological role was not recognized until the mid-20th century. Its history in human health is therefore primarily a 20th-century scientific and nutritional medicine story rather than a tradition rooted in folk or herbal practice.
Brewer's yeast as a traditional chromium source: The historical precursor to chromium supplementation was the use of brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), which has been consumed for centuries across many cultures as a food and a folk medicine for digestive and general health purposes. Foods such as brewer's yeast, wheat germ and kidney are rich in chromium. The biologically active chromium naturally present in brewer's yeast — sometimes termed "glucose tolerance factor" (GTF) in the older literature — was identified in the 1950s as the active constituent responsible for observed improvements in glucose metabolism in animal models.
First nutritional studies: The necessity of dietary chromium was established in 1959 by Schwartz, following which researchers began to explore its therapeutic potential in impaired glucose tolerance. The 1970s and 1980s saw the emergence of chromium supplementation research in human subjects, particularly in the context of insulin function. Chromium can act as an enhancer of insulin, affecting the metabolism of sugars, proteins, fats and nucleic acids through insulin. By the 1990s, commercial chromium picolinate supplements had become widely marketed in the United States for blood sugar control, weight loss, and athletic performance, establishing chromium's position as one of the most commercially prominent mineral supplements.
The most stable oxidation state of chromium in biological systems is trivalent chromium (Cr³⁺), which forms relatively inert complexes with proteins and nucleic acids. The essentiality of trivalent chromium is questioned, and its proposed function in the body remains poorly understood.
The precise composition and structure of the biologically active form of chromium is not known. One model postulates that trivalent chromium might be the cofactor of a low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance known as LMWCr or chromodulin. Chromodulin has been shown to play a role in the transport of chromium from the tissues to the bloodstream for ultimate elimination in the urine. When chromium is consumed at high levels, such as from dietary supplements, levels of chromodulin in tissues rise.
Some studies suggest that the biologically active form of chromium(III) is transported in the body via an oligopeptide called low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance (chromodulin), which might play a role in the insulin signaling pathway. The proposed mechanism is that chromodulin, once activated by chromium binding, stimulates the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor, thereby amplifying the insulin signaling cascade. However, this mechanism has not been definitively established in human physiology.
It is generally believed that chromium enhances the action of insulin, a hormone critical to the metabolism and storage of carbohydrate, fat, and protein in the body. Insulin is secreted by specialized cells in the pancreas in response to increased blood glucose concentrations. Insulin binds to insulin receptors on the surface of cells, which activates the receptors and stimulates glucose uptake by the cells. This provides the cells with glucose for energy and prevents blood glucose from becoming elevated.
Chromium potentiates the action of insulin in vivo and in vitro. However, because the exact mechanism by which this occurs at the molecular level has not been conclusively resolved, the clinical relevance of this in vitro finding remains debated.
A different type of chromium, called chromium(VI) (sometimes called hexavalent chromium) is a poisonous byproduct of industrial manufacturing. Another common and stable form of chromium in the environment is hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺). Hexavalent chromium is derived from trivalent chromium by heating at alkaline pH and is used as a source of chromium for industrial purposes. Hexavalent chromium is a recognized carcinogen and is not the form found in foods or dietary supplements.
There was not sufficient evidence to set an Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for chromium. Therefore, an Adequate Intake (AI) was set based on estimated mean intakes. The AI is 35 μg/day and 25 μg/day for young men and women, respectively. Needs increase slightly during pregnancy and lactation, and decrease modestly after age 50.
Few serious adverse effects have been associated with excess intake of chromium from food. Therefore, a Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) was not established. There is no established Tolerable Upper Intake Level for trivalent chromium. That does not mean unlimited safety; it reflects insufficient evidence to define a universal cutoff.
Although chromium absorption is inversely proportional to chromium intake, regardless of dosage, the body does not actually absorb chromium that well, with only about 0.5–2% of ingested chromium actually being absorbed.
This is the primary area of research for chromium supplementation. Evidence from multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses exists, but findings are inconsistent and the overall quality of evidence is considered limited.
Early key trial: A frequently cited Chinese study by Anderson et al. (1997) found that elevated supplemental chromium (as chromium picolinate) improved glucose and insulin variables in individuals with type 2 diabetes. This section focuses on five conditions in which chromium might have beneficial effects: impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. Anderson RA et al. reported elevated intakes of supplemental chromium improve glucose and insulin variables in individuals with type 2 diabetes (Diabetes 1997;46:1786–91). That study was conducted in a Chinese population and used doses of 200 mcg and 1,000 mcg/day of chromium picolinate; however, its generalizability to other populations has been questioned.
Larger RCT with null results: A randomized trial in 137 participants aged 30–70 with type 2 diabetes found that 1,000 mcg of chromium picolinate daily for 24 weeks did not significantly affect insulin sensitivity, fasting glucose, or HbA1c overall.
Metabolic syndrome trial: A trial of 63 adults aged 18–75 with metabolic syndrome who received 500 mcg chromium picolinate or placebo twice daily for 16 weeks found that chromium significantly increased acute insulin response to glucose but did not affect HbA1c, insulin sensitivity, or other glucose metabolism measures.
Meta-analysis (Suksomboon et al., 2014): A systematic review and meta-analysis published in the Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics included 25 RCTs. Of these, 22 studies evaluated chromium monosupplementation. One study evaluated chromium yeast combined with vitamins C and E, and two others evaluated chromium picolinate plus biotin. Overall, chromium mono- and combined supplementation significantly improved glycaemic control (mean difference for HbA1c −0.55%; 95% CI −0.88 to −0.22%; P=0.001; mean difference for FPG −1.15 mmol/L; 95% CI −1.84 to −0.47 mmol/L; P=0.001). In particular, chromium monotherapy significantly reduced triglycerides and increased HDL-C levels. The effects on glucose and triglyceride levels were shown especially with chromium picolinate. Glycaemic control may improve with chromium monosupplementation of more than 200 μg daily. HbA1c and FPG also improved in patients with inadequate glycaemic control at baseline.
Meta-analysis (2020): A PubMed meta-analysis of 28 RCTs published before February 2020 found fasting plasma glucose, insulin, HbA1C, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) as outcomes in twenty-eight studies. Results revealed significant reductions in FPG (WMD: −19.00 mg/dl; 95% CI: −36.15, −1.85; P=0.030), insulin level (WMD: −12.35 pmol/L; 95% CI: −17.86, −6.83; P<0.001), HbA1C (WMD: −0.71%; 95% CI: −1.19, −0.23; P=0.004) and HOMA-IR.
Overall synthesis and limitations: Chromium supplementation, primarily as chromium picolinate at doses of 200–1,000 mcg/day, may produce modest reductions in fasting glucose and HbA1c in some people with type 2 diabetes, particularly those with poor glycemic control and greater insulin resistance. The effect size is small (HbA1c reduction approximately 0.6% on average), the evidence quality is mixed, and the clinical significance remains debated. Chromium does not appear to benefit blood sugar in healthy, non-diabetic individuals. Chromium supplements are often promoted to improve blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes. However, studies examining the effects of chromium on high blood sugar levels or diabetes have had mixed results. The American Diabetes Association does not recommend chromium supplements for people with diabetes because these supplements don't have a clear benefit.
A 2023 narrative review concluded that chromium supplementation likely has no significant effect on glycemia and serum lipids. Further studies are necessary to come to a solid conclusion on the effect of supplemental chromium.
A small study found that 200 mcg of chromium chloride daily for 3 months improved symptoms and increased blood glucose levels in patients with reactive hypoglycemia (Anderson et al., Metabolism, 1987). This represents very preliminary evidence from a single small trial; no systematic reviews on this specific application exist.
Cochrane Review (Tian et al., 2013): Nine randomised controlled trials comparing the efficacy and safety of 8 to 24 weeks of chromium supplementation and placebo in overweight or obese adults were included (i.e. with a body mass index between 25 and 29.9 kg/m² defining being overweight and a body mass index of 30 kg/m² or more defining obesity). A total of 622 participants took part in the studies. When the results obtained from the doses of chromium picolinate investigated (200 μg, 400 μg, 500 μg, 1,000 μg) were pooled, study participants lost around 1 kg of body weight more than participants receiving placebo. The researchers were unable to find good evidence that this potential weight loss effect increased with increasing dose of chromium picolinate. The review found no current, reliable evidence to inform firm decisions about the efficacy and safety of CrP supplements in overweight or obese adults.
Meta-analysis (Pittler et al., 2003): A meta-analysis published in the International Journal of Obesity pooled data from 10 trials. For body weight, a significant differential effect was found in favour of chromium picolinate (weighted mean difference: −1.1 kg; 95% confidence interval: −1.8 to −0.4 kg; n=489). However, the authors concluded that any weight loss was small and of doubtful clinical significance. The results were not robust because of the considerable influence of one trial.
Body composition in type 2 diabetes (meta-analysis, 2023): A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 14 RCTs in patients with type 2 diabetes published through July 2023 found that chromium supplementation did not have any significant effect on fat mass (WMD = −0.43%), BMI (WMD: 0.09 kg/m²), waist circumference (WMD: −0.47 cm), or body weight (WMD: −0.26 kg). However, subgroup analysis revealed that chromium intake decreased fat mass in subjects aged ≥55 years and when chromium picolinate was used as an intervention.
Overall assessment: A 2019 meta-analysis evaluating impact of chromium on anthropometric indices in subjects with overweight or obesity found a small but significant decrease in weight, body mass index, and body fat percentage. The authors stated the effect size was medium, and the clinical relevance for weight loss is uncertain. Notably, a Cochrane review of randomized controlled trials of chromium picolinate in adults with overweight or obesity found a small but significant decrease in weight; however, the researchers stated there was no overall evidence to support use. Randomized, controlled, clinical trials are needed to determine whether chromium can influence diabetes, lipid metabolism, or weight loss.
PCOS is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and metabolic dysregulation, which has motivated investigations into chromium supplementation as an adjunctive therapy.
Chromium picolinate (CrPic) has been studied widely as a nutritional supplement in patients with diabetes, obesity, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It not only increases insulin sensitivity and improves lipid metabolism but also reduces oxidative stress, body weight, and body fat mass in those patients.
PCOS-specific systematic review (Heshmati et al., 2018): A systematic review published on PubMed identified 6 eligible clinical trials in PCOS patients. Two studies that evaluated the effect of chromium on body weight or body mass index reported no effect. Another study reported the beneficial effect of chromium on weight reduction. It seems that the effect of chromium in the reduction of blood glucose is insignificant, and results are inconsistent in relation to dyslipidemia.
Network meta-analysis (2023): A network meta-analysis of 41 RCTs involving 2,362 PCOS patients found that omega-3 lowered fasting blood glucose (SUCRAs: 93.53%), and chromium reduced fasting insulin (SUCRAs: 72.90%); both were superior to placebo in improving insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and chromium was more effective than omega-3 for HOMA-IR (SUCRAs: 79.99%).
Small RCT in PCOS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 40 females with PCOS, divided into two groups of 20. One group was given 200 micrograms of chromium per day, and the other group was given a placebo for eight weeks. The result showed that chromium supplementation improves fasting glucose, insulin resistance, serum triglycerides, and increased antioxidant capacity.
The overall picture for PCOS is that some benefit to insulin-related markers has been reported, but the promising outcomes of Cr supplementation remain limited. Larger, more methodologically rigorous trials are needed.
Dietary supplementation of chromium to normal individuals has been reported to lead to improvements in glucose tolerance, serum lipid concentrations, including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin and insulin binding. The Suksomboon 2014 meta-analysis found that chromium monotherapy significantly reduced triglycerides and increased HDL-C levels. However, evidence from high-quality RCTs on hard cardiovascular endpoints (myocardial infarction, stroke, mortality) is absent; no study has reported on all-cause mortality, morbidity, or health-related quality of life.
Ravina et al. (1999) studied a total of 50 patients with steroid-induced diabetes who received benefit from chromium supplementation that could not be controlled by insulin and/or other drugs. Continual supplementation with chromium picolinate (200 μg, three times a day) also reduced the dose of required medications. This is a very small dataset and these findings should be treated as preliminary.
Although the requirement for chromium is not known to be higher for older adults, one study found that chromium concentrations in hair, sweat, and urine decreased with age. The clinical implications of this observation have not been established.
The dosage of chromium used in studies ranges from 200 to 1,000 mcg daily, mostly in the form of chromium picolinate. Specific doses documented across major clinical studies include:
While therapeutic doses for chromium supplements generally range from 200 to 1,000 micrograms, higher doses may pose risks, including potential toxicity and interactions with medications.
Because of the low absorption and high excretion rates of chromium, toxicity is not common. At doses below 200 mcg/day, chromium is generally well tolerated. Higher doses (600–2,400 mcg/day) have been associated with case reports of liver dysfunction, kidney failure, and blood disorders. No UL has been established.
Few serious adverse effects have been associated with excess intake of chromium from food. Therefore, a Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) was not established. This absence of a UL should not be interpreted as a green light for unrestricted high-dose supplementation; it reflects insufficient human data to define a precise toxic threshold, not a confirmed safety ceiling.
A different type of chromium, called chromium(VI) (sometimes called hexavalent chromium) is a poisonous byproduct of industrial manufacturing. This form is not present in food or dietary supplements and is not the form discussed in supplementation research, but the distinction is important for accurate interpretation of chromium toxicology data.
Chromium might increase insulin sensitivity. Taking chromium concomitantly with insulin could increase the risk of hypoglycemia. The results from some studies indicate that chromium supplementation might lower blood glucose levels. Therefore, chromium supplements might have an additive effect with metformin or other antidiabetes medications and thus might increase the risk of hypoglycemia. If you take antidiabetes medicine, taking chromium dietary supplements might cause low blood sugar levels.
Levothyroxine is a medication used to treat hypothyroidism (a condition in which the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone). Taking chromium dietary supplements together with levothyroxine might reduce the amount of levothyroxine your body absorbs so you might not be getting the full effect of the medication. One study on seven healthy volunteers tested the effect of concomitant use of levothyroxine (1,000 μg) and chromium picolinate (1 mg). It was revealed that chromium supplementation decreases levothyroxine bioavailability by 17%.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and aspirin can increase the body's absorption of chromium, raising the risk of adverse effects. Aspirin and other prostaglandin inhibitors increase chromium absorption, though no clinically significant adverse interaction has been documented.
Antacids and other acid-reducing medications, such as proton pump inhibitors, can significantly reduce the amount of chromium your body absorbs. Calcium carbonate interferes with the absorption of chromium.
Corticosteroids can increase the urinary excretion of chromium, potentially leading to lower levels in the body.
Vitamin C enhances chromium absorption. While generally beneficial, this could theoretically increase chromium exposure when both supplements are taken together.
Individuals with allergies to leather or chromate may also be allergic to chromium.
In the United States, chromium dietary supplements are regulated as dietary supplements under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) and do not require pre-market approval by the FDA. The NIH ODS notes that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not authorized a qualified health claim for chromium picolinate and its role in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes, having concluded that the evidence is highly uncertain.
The essentiality of chromium needs to be reconsidered worldwide to prevent the spread of misinformation by manufacturers targeting patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Trivalent chromium appears to have health effects only at pharmacological doses, and a dietary deficiency of the mineral has not been observed.
Condiciones de salud que cromo puede ayudar a apoyar.
Clinical evidence links chromium supplementation to reduced acne severity, primarily in women with PCOS. A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial found that 200 µg/day chromium picolinate for 8 weeks significantly reduced acne prevalence alongside inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, MDA) and improved antioxidant capacity. The likely mechanism is chromium's insulin-sensitizing effect, given the role of hyperinsulinaemia in driving androgen-mediated sebum production. Evidence is limited to PCOS populations and small samples.
Chromium picolinate has been studied for carbohydrate cravings (particularly in atypical depression and binge eating disorder) and shows clinical signals for reducing compulsive food craving. Preclinical research also indicates chromium may modulate the dopaminergic reward system relevant to substance addiction. Human evidence is limited to food-related cravings rather than substance addiction.
Multiple clinical trials indicate chromium picolinate can modestly reduce hunger, food intake, and carbohydrate cravings, particularly in overweight individuals who are carbohydrate cravers. A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center found that chromium picolinate reduced hunger by 24% and food intake by 25% in overweight non-diabetic women over 8 weeks. Effects are moderate and appear most pronounced in those with carbohydrate cravings.
Chromium is a trace mineral required for the formation of glucose tolerance factor (GTF), which potentiates insulin action. A 2020 meta-analysis of 28 studies showed chromium supplementation significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose, insulin, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR in diabetic patients. A 2022 meta-analysis found significant HbA1c reduction.
Chromium is an essential trace element involved in macronutrient metabolism and insulin signaling, with IOM-established AIs for children. NIH ODS-funded label analysis found chromium in children's MVMs, and it is present in all major branded pediatric multivitamin formulations including ChildLife and Kirkman.
Evidence for chromium's effect on lipid profiles is mixed and inconsistent. Some RCTs and meta-analyses in type 2 diabetes patients report modest reductions in total cholesterol and LDL; others, including an NIH ODS-cited 4-month RCT and the Merck Manual, report no significant effects on total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, or triglycerides. The Diabetes Care 2007 systematic review found the overall evidence for lipid effects inconclusive.
Chromium picolinate has been studied specifically in atypical depression (characterized by carbohydrate craving, mood reactivity, and hypersomnia) with promising results in small controlled trials. A pilot RCT found that 70% of chromium-treated patients met responder criteria versus 0% on placebo. A larger multicenter replication found benefit specifically in the subgroup with high carbohydrate craving. The proposed mechanism involves 5-HT2A receptor downregulation and enhanced central insulin sensitivity.
Chromium picolinate has been investigated in a clinical pilot RCT (N=24, 6 months) for binge eating disorder, showing numerical reductions in binge frequency and depression alongside significant improvements in fasting glucose. Its proposed mechanism involves modulation of insulin, serotonin, and dopamine pathways that regulate mood-driven food intake. Studies in atypical depression show it reduces appetite dysregulation and carbohydrate cravings linked to emotional eating.
Chromium, particularly as chromium picolinate, potentiates insulin signaling and is used to reduce carbohydrate cravings and body fat. The NIH ODS notes that some clinical trials show small reductions in body weight and fat mass, though evidence is mixed. A systematic review found chromium picolinate produced a modest but statistically significant weight loss versus placebo.
Chromium potentiates insulin action and has been specifically shown in a clinical study (Anderson et al., Metabolism, 1987) to alleviate hypoglycemic symptoms and raise serum glucose out of the hypoglycemic range. A large 2023 network meta-analysis (170 RCTs, 14,223 participants) ranked chromium highest among micronutrient supplements for reducing fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR.
Chromium, particularly as chromium picolinate, has been studied extensively as an insulin sensitizer. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 20 RCTs with 1,147 cases found significant reductions in HOMA-IR (pooled MD = −1.29) in patients with T2DM, prediabetes, and confirmed insulin resistance. Evidence is mixed in non-diabetic individuals but more consistent in those with impaired glucose metabolism.
A small clinical study in 12 obese women receiving chromium picolinate (200 µg/day for 8 weeks) found a significant decrease in plasma leptin (p<0.001), with reductions in waist and hip circumference, though ghrelin was not significantly altered. Other reviewed studies and animal data support chromium's inverse relationship with leptin levels in obese populations.
Chromium has been clinically investigated for metabolic syndrome due to its proposed role in enhancing insulin signaling, but evidence for benefit specifically in metabolic syndrome patients is weak and inconsistent. The NIH Office of Dietary Supplements and the Linus Pauling Institute both conclude that current research does not demonstrate meaningful benefit for metabolic syndrome. A 2025 RCT in MetS patients found modest improvements in HbA1c, HDL-C, and blood pressure with chromium picolinate, though clinical significance was uncertain. The overall picture is one of mixed results, with chromium performing more favorably in overt type 2 diabetes with elevated baseline glucose than in metabolic syndrome per se.
Chromium (as trivalent Cr III) plays a documented role in glucose and insulin metabolism, with human clinical trials and multiple systematic reviews showing meaningful glycemic improvements specifically in people with type 2 diabetes. The proposed mechanism involves enhancement of insulin receptor signaling via a low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance. Evidence in non-diabetic or pre-diabetic populations is weak and inconsistent, and the overall body of literature is limited by heterogeneity and study-quality concerns.
Chromium, particularly as chromium picolinate, has been evaluated in multiple RCTs for PCOS. Network meta-analyses confirm chromium reduces fasting insulin and improves HOMA-IR in PCOS women. A 2025 systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed chromium has a clear therapeutic benefit in reducing oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and glucose metabolic disorders in PCOS.
Chromium, particularly in the form of chromium picolinate, has been studied in multiple RCTs for effects on lipid profiles including triglycerides in patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Meta-analyses show modest but significant TG reductions, particularly in insulin-resistant individuals.
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