Estos ingredientes se utilizan frecuentemente en la medicina alternativa para apoyar celulitis.
A 2012 study in human preadipocytes and metabolic syndrome patients (3 months of berberine treatment) showed berberine inhibits adipocyte differentiation and significantly downregulates leptin mRNA expression and leptin secretion, alongside PPARγ2 and adiponectin gene expression. In vitro data using human omental preadipocytes confirm berberine's modulatory role on leptin as an adipokine.
A small clinical study in 12 obese women receiving chromium picolinate (200 µg/day for 8 weeks) found a significant decrease in plasma leptin (p<0.001), with reductions in waist and hip circumference, though ghrelin was not significantly altered. Other reviewed studies and animal data support chromium's inverse relationship with leptin levels in obese populations.
A 2018 systematic review and meta-analysis of 19 RCTs (n=1045 subjects) found CLA supplementation significantly reduced leptin in obese subjects (WMD: −1.47 ng/mL, p<0.001) and in trials under 24 weeks, though the overall pooled effect was not significant. A separate 12-week RCT in 54 class I obese adults (3000 mg/day CLA) confirmed significant serum leptin reduction and decreased body fat.
A randomized, double-blind trial (NCT02147041, n=102 women with central obesity, 856.8 mg EGCG/day for 12 weeks) found significantly lower ghrelin levels and higher adiponectin in the EGCG group versus placebo, along with significant weight loss and reduced BMI and waist circumference. EGCG is the primary bioactive catechin in green tea proposed to mediate these appetite-hormone effects.
A published clinical study (Chearskul et al. 2008, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice) examined immediate and long-term effects of glucomannan on total ghrelin and leptin in type 2 diabetic patients, finding that glucomannan enhanced prandial ghrelin reduction and impeded the rise of fasting ghrelin after 4-week supplementation. This provides direct human evidence for modulation of appetite-regulating hormones.
A 2017 meta-analysis of 11 RCTs (PubMed 29129232) found green tea did not significantly alter overall leptin or ghrelin concentrations versus placebo, but subgroup analyses showed leptin increased with interventions >12 weeks and ghrelin increased in women and non-Asian populations. A separate 2015 RCT of high-dose EGCG (856.8 mg/day, 12 weeks, n=102 women with central obesity) demonstrated significantly lower ghrelin levels in the treatment group.
Animal studies demonstrate GS reduces elevated serum leptin in obese diabetic rat models alongside metabolic normalization. GS also reduces food intake via sweet-taste receptor blockade. Human evidence on leptin is indirect; a 2024 clinical study in obese patients showed GS decreased resistin expression, linking to adipokine modulation.
HCA has been directly tested in human RCTs for its effects on leptin and adiponectin. One 8-week RCT in NAFLD women found significant visceral fat reduction but no significant change in serum leptin or adiponectin. Animal studies show variable effects on leptin and ghrelin with Garcinia cambogia extract.
Animal and human studies report that inulin and FOS supplementation inhibits ghrelin (the orexigenic gut hormone) and may modulate leptin signalling. SCFAs from inulin fermentation stimulate GLP-1 and PYY via L-cell GPR43 receptors, with downstream suppression of ghrelin. Direct robust human RCT data specifically on leptin and ghrelin as primary outcomes remain limited.
A 10-week RCT (n=102 overweight/obese adults, 150 mg IGOB131 twice daily) found significant reductions in serum leptin alongside improvements in body weight, body fat, blood glucose, and adiponectin versus placebo. In vitro work shows the seed extract modulates adipogenesis via PPARγ and leptin gene-expression pathways. A DARE systematic review noted trial quality limitations, calling for larger studies.
Animal studies show pharmacologic melatonin treatment significantly reduces plasma ghrelin concentrations and modulates the inverse leptin–ghrelin relationship. Human research confirms that circadian disruption (light at night, sleep restriction) lowers leptin and raises ghrelin, with melatonin's circadian role proposed to buffer these changes. A 2025 pilot RCT protocol specifically targets melatonin's effect on plasma ghrelin in overweight females.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 13–14 RCTs (Hariri et al., 2015, Clinical Endocrinology) found omega-3 supplementation significantly reduces serum leptin levels (mean difference −1.71 ng/mL). Fish oil/omega-3 intake is also associated with decreased hunger and favorable ghrelin-related appetite effects in observational and controlled studies. Animal data further show dietary fish oil positively regulates plasma leptin and adiponectin.
In vitro studies in 3T3-L1 adipocytes show resveratrol reduces leptin mRNA expression and secretion while increasing adiponectin. Animal studies in diet-induced obese rats demonstrate resveratrol improves peripheral leptin signaling/sensitivity via STAT3 pathways. Human RCT evidence on leptin and ghrelin specifically is limited and inconsistent, with metabolic benefits more consistently observed in animal and cellular models.
Multiple studies, including a double-blind RCT in 51 postmenopausal women (50 mg/day zinc for 8 weeks), found inverse correlations between zinc intake/plasma zinc and serum leptin. A PMC review concluded there is a positive correlation between zinc and leptin regulation. Zinc deficiency has been associated with disrupted leptin-mediated appetite signaling.
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