Folate (as Quatrefolic [6S]-5-methyltetrahydrofolate, glucosamine salt) — 1,360 mcg
5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) is the biologically active, circulating form of vitamin B9. It is directly utilized in methionine synthesis and DNA methylation — processes critical for fetal neural tube development and cell division. 5-MTHF bypasses the enzymatic conversion step impaired in individuals with common MTHFR gene polymorphisms, making it particularly effective for ensuring adequate folate activity. EU and several national health authorities have approved 5-MTHF as a bioequivalent alternative to folic acid for neural tube defect risk reduction during pregnancy. In women with MTHFR variants, it may also support ovulatory function and reduce homocysteine accumulation associated with recurrent pregnancy loss.
Iron (as Ferrochel ferrous bisglycinate chelate) — 27 mg
Iron requirements nearly double during pregnancy to support expanded maternal blood volume, placental development, and fetal Iron stores. Randomized controlled trials confirm that Iron supplementation prevents Iron-deficiency anemia — the most common cause of anemia in pregnancy — which is linked to preterm birth, low birthweight, and impaired infant cognitive development. WHO, ACOG, and NIH ODS all recommend routine Iron supplementation during pregnancy. A long-term study of more than 18,000 women (Nurses' Health Study) also found that supplemental Iron intake was associated with decreased risk of ovulatory infertility. The bisglycinate chelate form used in this product is recognized for its non-constipating profile.
Vitamin D (as cholecalciferol) — 25 mcg
Vitamin D is among the most studied prenatal micronutrients, essential for Calcium absorption, fetal skeletal development, immune function, and fetal brain development. Observational and RCT evidence links deficiency to gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. Vitamin D insufficiency affects up to 47.9% of individuals globally, with especially high rates in pregnant women. WHO, ACOG, and NICE all give conditional-to-strong recommendations for prenatal supplementation. Low Vitamin D levels are also associated with reduced oocyte quality and poorer IVF outcomes, with evidence strongest in Vitamin D-deficient women undergoing assisted reproductive technology.
Vitamin C (as ascorbic acid) — 400 mg
Vitamin C is listed by NIH ODS and ACOG among nutrients with critical roles during pregnancy, with blood levels declining during pregnancy without supplementation. It substantially enhances non-heme Iron absorption — clinically important for preventing Iron-deficiency anemia in pregnancy. Research suggests it may also support luteal progesterone biosynthesis: a controlled clinical trial in 150 women with luteal phase defects found that 750 mg/day Vitamin C significantly elevated serum progesterone and improved pregnancy rates.
Vitamin A (as mixed carotenoids and palmitate) — 1,500 mcg
Vitamin A is essential for fetal organogenesis, immune function, and vision development, with blood levels declining during pregnancy without supplementation. WHO recommends Vitamin A supplementation in deficiency-prone areas to reduce maternal night blindness and infant mortality. The formula provides Vitamin A as both mixed carotenoids and palmitate, carefully formulated to stay well below the teratogenic upper limit of 3,000 mcg RAE/day for preformed Vitamin A.
Calcium (as DimaCal di-Calcium malate) — 140 mg
Calcium is critical for fetal skeletal development and is recommended by WHO, ACOG, and multiple professional societies for pregnant women with low dietary intake to reduce preeclampsia risk. Calcium supplementation of 1,500–2,000 mg/day has been shown to reduce preeclampsia incidence significantly in some RCTs. About 21.2% of US pregnant women have dietary Calcium intakes below the estimated average requirement.
Magnesium (as di-Magnesium malate) — 80 mg
Magnesium is an essential mineral for muscle relaxation, bone development, and blood pressure regulation during pregnancy, with levels declining if unsupplemented. Inadequate Magnesium intake is linked to gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and low birthweight. A Cochrane review found Magnesium supplementation was associated with significant reduction in low birthweight risk. Magnesium also supports progesterone production by reducing cortisol and facilitating the enzymatic conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone.
Zinc (as Zinc bisglycinate chelate) — 13 mg
Zinc is critical for cell division, immune function, and fetal growth; deficiency is associated with intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, and congenital malformations. A Cochrane systematic review of Zinc supplementation in pregnancy found significant reductions in preterm birth (RR 0.86). Zinc is also essential for ovulation, follicular development, and oocyte maturation, and is required for LH synthesis and progesterone production in corpus luteum granulosa cells.
Vitamin B-12 (as Methylcobalamin [MecobalActive]) — 2.8 mcg
Vitamin B12 is critical during pregnancy for hematopoiesis, myelination, and DNA methylation; deficiency is associated with neural tube defects, preeclampsia, low birthweight, and cognitive deficits in offspring. A systematic review of 7 RCTs found beneficial effects of B12 supplementation on offspring neurocognitive development. The methylcobalamin form provided is a biologically active coenzyme form. Low B12 status is also associated with reduced embryo quality and lower clinical pregnancy rates in women undergoing ART.
Vitamin B-6 (as pyridoxal-5-phosphate) — 2 mg
Vitamin B6 has established evidence for reducing nausea severity in early pregnancy and is recommended by ACOG as a first-line option for pregnancy nausea and vomiting. Two randomized placebo-controlled trials showed 30–75 mg/day of oral pyridoxine significantly decreased nausea in pregnant women. The pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) form used in this formula is the biologically active coenzyme form. B6 also supports steroid hormone metabolism and is the most studied single nutritional supplement for premenstrual syndrome.
Vitamin K (as vitamin K1 phytonadione) — 120 mcg
Vitamin K plays critical roles in fetal bone development and coagulation factor synthesis. Blood levels decline during pregnancy without supplementation, and maternal Vitamin K status affects neonatal coagulation and bone development. Neonates are routinely given Vitamin K at birth to prevent hemorrhagic disease, underscoring the importance of this nutrient during the perinatal period.
Thiamin (vitamin B-1) (as thiamin HCl) — 1.4 mg
Thiamine is essential for carbohydrate metabolism and neural development, with blood levels declining during pregnancy. An international expert Delphi consensus panel listed thiamine among micronutrients important during pregnancy. Deficiency in pregnancy can cause Wernicke's encephalopathy and is associated with fetal cardiac and neurological abnormalities; it is especially critical in women with hyperemesis gravidarum.
Riboflavin (vitamin B-2) (as riboflavin-5-phosphate) — 1.6 mg
Riboflavin-5-phosphate is the principal biologically active form of vitamin B2 in cells and tissues. As the precursor to flavin coenzymes FMN and FAD, it is essential for energy metabolism, cellular function, growth, and development. These coenzymes are critical for the electron transport chain, fatty acid oxidation, and the activation of other B vitamins. Riboflavin requirements increase during pregnancy and lactation, and a latent subclinical deficiency can result in a significant clinical phenotype during pregnancy.
Niacin (vitamin B-3) (as niacinamide) — 18 mg
Niacinamide is the amide form of vitamin B3 most commonly used in prenatal vitamins due to its absence of vasodilatory flushing. As an NAD+ precursor, it is critical for fetal DNA repair and energy metabolism during organogenesis. A landmark 2018 NEJM study found maternal NAD+ deficiency from niacin/nicotinamide deficiency causes congenital malformations in a mouse model; niacinamide rescued this phenotype.
Pantothenic acid (as D-Calcium pantothenate) — 7 mg
Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5) is a component of coenzyme A, essential for fatty acid synthesis and energy metabolism. Blood levels decline during pregnancy without supplementation. An evidence-based review of prenatal supplements identified pantothenic acid among vitamins that decline during pregnancy and recommended it for prenatal supplementation. The AI increases to 6 mg/day during pregnancy.
Biotin (as d-biotin) — 35 mcg
Biotin levels decrease substantially during pregnancy; approximately half of US pregnant women show biomarkers of mild biotin deficiency. Animal studies demonstrate biotin deficiency during pregnancy may cause birth defects including facial and limb malformations and impaired fetal development. An evidence-based prenatal supplement review recommended approximately 100 mcg/day biotin supplementation during pregnancy.
Iodine (as Potassium iodide) — 200 mcg
Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and development. During pregnancy, iodine requirements increase to support fetal thyroid function and brain development. Deficiency is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disability worldwide. Adequate iodine intake during pregnancy and lactation is critical for fetal and infant neurodevelopment.
Choline (as Choline dihydrogen citrate) — 50 mg
Choline is recognized as an essential nutrient critical for fetal neural tube formation, brain development, and placental function. ACOG specifically recommends Choline supplementation during pregnancy, yet over 90–95% of US pregnant women fail to meet the adequate intake of 450 mg/day. Lower circulating Choline is associated with increased neural tube defect risk in meta-analysis findings. Choline also influences DNA and histone methylation, two central epigenomic processes regulating gene expression during fetal development.
Selenium (as Selenium glycinate complex) — 200 mcg
Selenium is an essential trace mineral with critical roles in antioxidant defense via glutathione peroxidases, thyroid hormone metabolism, and immune function. Blood Selenium levels decline during pregnancy without supplementation. Poor Selenium status is associated with miscarriage, preeclampsia, preterm delivery, and gestational diabetes. Evidence-based prenatal supplement recommendations specifically include Selenium supplementation during pregnancy.
Vitamin E isomers (as DeltaGold delta and gamma tocotrienols) — 15 mg
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant whose blood levels decline during pregnancy without supplementation. A Mendelian randomization study found genetically predicted higher Vitamin E levels were inversely associated with spontaneous abortion risk. It is included in prenatal supplement recommendations, and clinical trials demonstrate benefits for metabolic and hormonal parameters relevant to reproductive health. The delta and gamma tocotrienol forms used in this formula represent naturally occurring Vitamin E isomers.
Chromium (as TRAACS Chromium nicotinate glycinate chelate) — 45 mcg
Chromium is a trace element believed to enhance the action of insulin, a hormone critical to the metabolism and storage of carbohydrate, fat, and protein. During pregnancy, it may help support healthy blood glucose regulation. The chelated form used here is designed for improved absorption and bioavailability.
Copper (as TRAACS Copper glycinate chelate) — 1.3 mg
Copper is an essential nutrient during pregnancy, required for fetal brain, heart, vascular, skeletal, and immune development. Maternal Copper requirements increase during gestation, and low maternal serum Copper has been associated with premature delivery and impaired fetal growth indices. Copper functions as a cofactor for lysyl oxidase (collagen/elastin crosslinking), ceruloplasmin (Iron transport), and cytochrome c oxidase (mitochondrial energy production).
Manganese (as TRAACS Manganese Bisglycinate Chelate) — 2.6 mg
Manganese is an essential trace mineral required for the activity of glycosyltransferases involved in proteoglycan synthesis in bone matrix and for MnSOD, the key mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme. It plays roles in healthy skeletal development, collagen formation, and bone mineralization. Deficiency in animals causes skeletal abnormalities, reproductive failure, and impaired growth.
Molybdenum (as TRAACS Molybdenum Glycinate Chelate) — 50 mcg
Molybdenum is an essential trace element required as a cofactor in the Molybdenum cofactor (Moco), which is necessary for four mammalian enzymes: sulfite oxidase, xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and mARC. Sulfite oxidase is considered the most critical for human health, as it catalyzes the terminal step in sulfur amino acid metabolism. Deficiency is very rare but can cause severe neurological symptoms.
Sunflower Lecithin
Sunflower Lecithin is a phospholipid mixture including phosphatidylcholine — the major dietary source of Choline. Phosphatidylcholine is the most abundant phospholipid in human cell membranes and serves as a precursor for acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in brain development and memory function. The sunflower-derived form avoids soy allergen concerns. Lecithin's emulsifying properties also support the absorption of fat-soluble nutrients in the formula.
