Condiciones de salud que sal disódica de pirroloquinolina puede ayudar a apoyar.
Human supplementation with PQQ disodium salt lowers blood lipid peroxide levels and improves plasma antioxidant potential, confirmed in both a crossover study and longer-term RCTs. PQQ's redox cycling capacity confers potent free radical scavenging activity, and its reduced form is reported to be substantially more active than vitamin C.
A 6-week double-blind RCT (n=23) in untrained men showed PQQ at 20 mg/day significantly elevated PGC-1α muscle protein (a marker of mitochondrial biogenesis) versus placebo but did not improve aerobic performance metrics beyond exercise training alone. Dedicated ergogenic effects are not confirmed.
PQQ disodium salt enhances cellular energy production by stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis via PGC-1α and CREB, improving mitochondrial respiratory capacity, and increasing ATP production. Human crossover data show TCA cycle metabolite changes consistent with enhanced oxidative energy metabolism.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT (n=29, 20 mg/day, 12 weeks) in healthy adults with elevated LDL examined PQQ's effects on LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol. Preclinical data and a rodent study on PCSK9 inhibition also support a cholesterol-modulating effect.
An open-label clinical trial (n=17, 20 mg/day for 8 weeks) showed PQQ disodium salt significantly improved fatigue scores on the POMS-SF. The vigor subscale also increased significantly, suggesting subjective energy enhancement. Quality-of-life measures improved in parallel.
A human crossover study found PQQ supplementation decreased plasma CRP and IL-6 in all 10 subjects tested. PQQ modulates NF-κB signaling and downregulates neuroinflammatory pathways in vitro. Human evidence is from a small, short-duration study but is consistent with the mechanistic data.
PQQ disodium salt has been studied in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment. A 2024 RCT in elderly individuals with MCI (mean age ~72 years) found a dihydrogen-PQQ combination improved mental orientation and brain metabolism. Earlier RCTs in healthy older adults (40–80 years) documented cognitive improvements at 20 mg/day over 12 weeks.
In an open-label clinical trial (n=17), PQQ disodium salt at 20 mg/day for 8 weeks produced significant improvement in the depression subscale of the POMS-SF compared to baseline. This is the primary human evidence; no placebo-controlled trial has specifically targeted depressive symptoms.
Human evidence shows PQQ disodium salt increases the vigor subscale of the POMS-SF and improves urinary metabolite markers of mitochondrial TCA cycle activity, consistent with enhanced cellular energy metabolism. Mitochondrial biogenesis marker PGC-1α was significantly elevated in an exercise RCT.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with PQQ disodium salt at 20 mg/day have reported improvements in attention and cognitive flexibility, particularly in younger adults (20–40 years) at 8 weeks of supplementation. Working memory and executive speed gains have also been documented.
PQQ disodium salt counters multiple aging-related processes: it activates Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling, inhibits cellular senescence and SASP, supports mitochondrial biogenesis, and has shown benefits in clinical trials in older adults for cognitive function. Animal models show it attenuates age-related intervertebral disk degeneration and immune aging.
In rodent models, PQQ reduced myocardial infarct size by ~50% in ischemia/reperfusion models and protected cardiac mitochondria from oxidative injury. In humans, PQQ lowered CRP and IL-6 and improved lipid peroxide levels, addressing modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. No completed human RCT for primary cardiac endpoints exists.
Randomized controlled trials with PQQ disodium salt (20 mg/day, 8–12 weeks) report improvements in general cognitive function including measures relevant to learning, particularly in adults aged 40–65. PQQ stimulates NGF production and supports mitochondrial biogenesis, providing mechanistic plausibility.
Multiple double-blind, placebo-controlled RCTs have documented PQQ disodium salt improving composite memory and verbal memory in both younger and older adults at 20 mg/day over 8–12 weeks. Co-administration with CoQ10 further enhanced word recall. Working memory improvements have also been reported across trials.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with PQQ disodium salt (20 mg/day) documented improvements in processing speed and executive speed in younger adults and attention in older adults. The open-label trial also showed vigor and confusion score improvements. A pilot study suggested increased right prefrontal cortex blood flow with PQQ.
PQQ disodium salt is documented to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in human subjects, with increases in the mitochondrial biogenesis marker PGC-1α confirmed in a randomized controlled trial in untrained men undergoing exercise training. A human crossover study also showed altered urinary metabolites consistent with enhanced mitochondrial function.
PQQ disodium salt stimulates NGF production in astroglial cells, protects neurons from glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, and has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in multiple preclinical models. Human trials confirm cognitive and mood benefits at 20 mg/day, consistent with active neuroprotection.
PQQ disodium salt stimulates NGF production—a key mediator of synaptic plasticity and neuronal remodeling—and has been shown to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis in neurons. A 2025 review in Molecular Biology Reports highlighted PQQ's role in enhancing neuroplasticity and protecting neurons from oxidative and inflammatory damage.
PQQ stimulates NGF production, which supports cholinergic and monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems. In Parkinson's disease animal models, PQQ preserved dopamine distribution and reduced dopaminergic neuron loss. No direct human RCT has measured neurotransmitter levels as a primary outcome.
In preclinical models, PQQ confers neuroprotection in rotenone- and 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease models by preserving mitochondrial membrane potential, scavenging ROS, and protecting dopaminergic neurons. No human RCT in Parkinson's patients has been completed; evidence is preclinical but mechanistically well-characterized.
An open-label clinical trial (n=17) of PQQ disodium salt at 20 mg/day for 8 weeks found significant improvements in sleep onset and maintenance, sleep duration, and sleepiness at awakening as measured by validated sleep inventories. Mood and fatigue scores also improved.
In an open-label clinical trial (n=17, 20 mg/day for 8 weeks), PQQ disodium salt significantly improved self-reported stress, tension-anxiety, and anger-hostility scores on the POMS-SF compared to baseline. Quality of life, obsession, and pain measures also improved.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (n=29, 20 mg/day, 12 weeks) in healthy Japanese adults with elevated triglycerides (110–300 mg/dL) specifically investigated PQQ's effects on serum TG and cholesterol. Earlier rodent data showed TG reduction following PQQ supplementation in PQQ-depleted animals.
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