Resfriados (descongestionante)

Topical arnica (Arnica montana) has been studied in multiple RCTs for post-exercise muscle soreness with mixed results. A 2014 double-blind RCT (n=20 well-trained males) found topical arnica gel provided significant pain relief at 72 hours post-DOMS-inducing downhill running exercise. A 2024 PMC systematic review confirmed arnica formulations are primarily used for pain management including DOMS.

RCTs demonstrate ashwagandha accelerates recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage, reduces DOMS, and lowers creatine kinase as a marker of muscle injury. A 2026 RCT in team-sport athletes found significant improvement in DOMS scores in the ashwagandha group. An 8-week RCT also showed faster muscle recovery monitored by creatine kinase normalization.

A 2025 dose-response RCT found 12–24 mg/day of astaxanthin for 4 weeks reduced exercise-induced muscle soreness compared with placebo. A PMC 2025 RCT in resistance-trained men confirmed astaxanthin reduced subjective markers of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) following eccentric exercise. Effect magnitude varies by dose and training status.

Multiple human RCTs demonstrate that oral ATP disodium supplementation reduces markers of muscle damage and attenuates performance decrements during overreaching and repeated high-intensity exercise. The Wilson et al. (2013) RCT showed reduced protein breakdown during a two-week overreaching cycle, and overall muscle damage was lower in ATP-supplemented subjects. ATP acts via purinergic receptors to modulate muscle excitability and may reduce nociception-related soreness through its anti-inflammatory extracellular signaling.

Clinical trial evidence shows B. coagulans GBI-30, 6086 co-administered with protein decreased muscle soreness at 72 hours post-exercise vs. protein alone in a crossover RCT. The Sports Medicine literature also confirms reduced perceived muscle soreness and increased recovery speeds in exercise studies with W. coagulans strains.

Beetroot juice supplementation has been shown to reduce delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) after exercise-induced muscle damage. The effect is attributed to enhanced antioxidant status and anti-inflammatory betalains alongside improved muscle oxygenation via nitrate-derived NO.

Beta-alanine (BA) raises intramuscular carnosine, a dipeptide that buffers hydrogen ions produced during high-intensity exercise, directly delaying the onset of muscular acidosis and fatigue. A 2012 systematic review of 23 RCTs confirmed improvements in perceived exertion and biochemical markers of muscle fatigue at a mean dose of ~4.8 g/day over ~5 weeks. Effects are most pronounced for exercise bouts lasting 1–4 minutes. Performance improvements in total work or time-to-exhaustion are more modest and less consistent across studies.

Boswellia serrata extract is supported by a 2025 RCT (n=50) specifically for DOMS, where 60 mg/day for 10 days significantly attenuated muscle and joint soreness after downhill running vs. placebo. Boswellic acids inhibit 5-lipoxygenase. Traditional use in Ayurveda for musculoskeletal pain preceded modern research.

Boswellic acids are the active pentacyclic triterpene constituents of Boswellia serrata responsible for selective 5-LOX inhibition and analgesic effects documented in multiple RCTs. They underpin the anti-soreness evidence observed with Boswellia supplementation in downhill running DOMS models and osteoarthritis clinical trials.

Bromelain, a protease enzyme from pineapple, has evidence from clinical studies for reducing post-exercise muscle soreness and improving muscle force recovery. Two studies with a protease supplement containing 99.9 mg bromelain showed improvements in muscle force recovery and a decrease in post-exercise muscle soreness after downhill treadmill running.

Camphor oil is a common OTC topical analgesic ingredient used for muscle soreness and tension. Its mechanism involves TRPV1 desensitization and TRPA1 blockade in sensory nerves, reducing pain perception. A 2015 human clinical case series (Nawaz et al., Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences) found that a polyherbal spray containing camphor reduced muscular pain and inflammation.

Capsaicin has been evaluated in human athletes for exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). A 2025 PMC study in futsal players found capsaicin reduced soreness markers and improved recovery. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanisms via TRPV1 underlie these effects.

Topical capsaicin formulations are FDA-recognized counterirritants for musculoskeletal pain and soreness, and clinical evidence confirms their use in reducing exercise-induced and chronic muscle pain through TRPV1-mediated substance P depletion and subsequent desensitization.

Clinical evidence shows presleep casein supplementation can reduce exercise-induced muscle soreness. In a RCT with professional soccer players, muscle soreness measured by visual analogue scale was significantly lower with casein at 12 hours post-match compared to control. The sustained amino acid delivery of casein is thought to support repair processes during overnight recovery.

Topical capsaicin is used for musculoskeletal pain including muscle soreness, operating via substance P depletion in peripheral nociceptors. A PMC study confirmed topical cayenne cataplasm produces measurable vasodilation and local anti-inflammatory effects in muscle application sites. Traditional herbalism also documents cayenne for muscle aches.

Multiple RCTs demonstrate that tart cherry reduces delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) following intense exercise. Studies in runners and resistance-trained individuals show significantly lower pain scores versus placebo. A 2021 meta-analysis confirmed a small but significant effect size for soreness reduction.

Multiple RCTs indicate that collagen peptide supplementation reduces exercise-induced muscle soreness and accelerates recovery markers. A 2023 randomized double-blind crossover trial in middle-aged males found 10 g/day of collagen peptides for 33 days significantly alleviated post-exercise muscle soreness versus placebo. A 12-week RCT combining collagen peptides with concurrent training also showed significantly improved recovery-related biomechanical markers after eccentric muscle damage.

Topical comfrey is clinically proven for acute myalgia—muscle tension and soreness—based on multiple RCTs. The 2012 PMC clinical overview confirmed efficacy for acute myalgia in the back and after sports injuries. Post-marketing data in patients with painful muscle complaints showed marked symptom improvement across pain at rest, pain during motion, and night pain.

The most robust clinical evidence concerns statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS). Multiple meta-analyses of RCTs show CoQ10 supplementation significantly reduces muscle pain, weakness, cramps, and tiredness in statin-treated patients, though some analyses are discordant. CoQ10 is proposed to restore muscle mitochondrial function depleted by statin-induced CoQ10 reduction.

Creatine supplementation is supported by RCT evidence for reducing exercise-induced muscle damage and aiding recovery from soreness. A 2025 double-blind RCT found creatine accelerated recovery of muscle function, reduced stiffness, and decreased fatigue after eccentric exercise. Its mechanism involves phosphocreatine resynthesis and reduced secondary muscle damage.

Creatine monohydrate has evidence from RCTs for supporting recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage. A 2025 double-blind RCT (n=40) found creatine supplementation significantly accelerated recovery of maximal voluntary contraction and reduced muscle stiffness and fatigue after eccentric exercise vs. placebo. Its primary mechanism is supporting phosphocreatine resynthesis and reducing secondary muscle damage.

Curcumin, the active polyphenol in turmeric, is supported by multiple RCTs and a 2022 systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis for reducing DOMS. A key RCT by Nicol et al. (2015) found moderate-to-large reductions in pain during DOMS assessment (VAS −1.4 to −1.7) at 24 and 48h post-exercise. A 2020 RCT found curcumin significantly reduced DOMS at 48 and 72h vs. placebo.

D-ribose has been studied for its ability to accelerate ATP repletion in skeletal muscle following high-intensity exercise, with evidence for reduction in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). A randomized controlled trial in college students and a multi-day exercise performance study in untrained individuals provide human clinical data. Evidence in healthy trained athletes is weak.

Devil's Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) contains iridoid glycosides (harpagoside) with documented anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. The NIH/NCCIH recognizes it for osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal pain. Traditional use in southern African ethnomedicine for joint and muscle pain predates modern research. Clinical evidence shows benefit for musculoskeletal pain at 50–100 mg harpagoside/day.

DHA, a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid, contributes to anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving pathways in muscle tissue. Combined EPA+DHA supplementation has been studied in multiple RCTs and reviews for DOMS and musculoskeletal pain, with consistent anti-inflammatory effects at doses of 2–3 g/day EPA+DHA.

EPA, a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid primarily from fish oil, reduces pro-inflammatory eicosanoid synthesis and is a precursor to resolvins that resolve muscle inflammation. Multiple systematic reviews support EPA (combined with DHA) for reducing musculoskeletal pain and DOMS inflammatory markers at doses of approximately 2–3 g/day EPA+DHA.

Eucalyptus oil applied topically or via inhalation has demonstrated analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and myorelaxant effects in preclinical and clinical settings. An RCT in patients undergoing total knee replacement found inhaled eucalyptus oil significantly reduced pain scores and inflammatory markers versus control. Electromyography has documented direct myorelaxant effects.

A 2020 narrative review of RCTs (published in Phytotherapy Research) found that 4 eligible RCTs demonstrated reductions in inflammation after oral and topical ginger administration for DOMS. A widely cited RCT found 2 g/day of raw or heat-treated ginger reduced exercise-induced muscle pain by approximately 25%. Ginger inhibits COX and LOX pathways.

Clinical trial evidence supports GLM supplementation for reducing delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) after exercise-induced damage. In a 2023 RCT, participants taking 3 g/day of Greenshell™ mussel powder experienced significantly reduced soreness of target muscle groups compared to placebo. A separate RCT also demonstrated that DOMS was significantly decreased on days 3 and 4 after exercise in the mussel extract group. The proposed mechanism is suppression of the post-exercise inflammatory cascade via COX/LOX pathway inhibition.

Harpagoside is the primary iridoid glycoside bioactive constituent of Devil's Claw responsible for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Clinical trials at 50–100 mg harpagoside/day show benefit for musculoskeletal pain including lower back pain. It inhibits COX-2, NF-κB, and pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis.

Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), a leucine metabolite, has evidence from RCTs for reducing exercise-induced muscle damage markers and supporting muscle recovery. A 2020 RCT in elite endurance athletes found CrM plus HMB reduced muscle damage biomarkers (CK, LDH). HMB at 3 g/day shows most benefit under high training stress or caloric deficit.

BCAA supplementation containing isoleucine consistently reduces delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) after eccentric and resistance exercise in human RCTs. The effect is attributed to attenuation of muscle protein breakdown and modulation of inflammatory markers. The benefit appears particularly pronounced in women and in resistance-trained populations.

Glutamine supplementation attenuates muscle soreness following eccentric exercise-induced damage. In a randomized placebo-controlled trial, individuals receiving glutamine at 0.3 g/kg post-eccentric exercise reported significantly reduced muscle soreness over 72 hours versus controls. AG delivers glutamine more efficiently than the free form, supporting this application.

Human RCTs consistently show pre-exercise L-citrulline or citrulline malate supplementation reduces post-exercise muscle soreness scores. A 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed significant reductions in delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and RPE across multiple RCTs, with single acute doses taken 1–2 hours before exercise. The mechanism involves improved muscle perfusion, reduced lactate accumulation, and attenuation of exercise-induced oxidative stress.

Several RCTs have examined leucine supplementation for DOMS and muscle damage markers after eccentric exercise, with mixed results. Leucine alone showed limited benefit in most studies, but leucine combined with glutamine improved strength recovery and reduced creatine kinase at 48–72 hours post-exercise. Studies on leucine's anti-catabolic and anti-proteolytic properties provide a mechanistic rationale.

Human clinical trials show that BCAA supplementation including valine reduces delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and markers of muscle damage such as creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase following intense exercise. Effect sizes are modest and most evidence uses BCAA mixtures rather than valine alone. The 2:1:1 leucine:isoleucine:valine ratio is the most studied.

A 2024 systematic review in the Journal of Translational Medicine (4 RCTs) found magnesium supplementation reduced muscle soreness, improved performance and recovery, and exerted a protective effect on muscle damage in physically active individuals. Magnesium regulates muscle contraction via intracellular calcium transport. Doses of 350–500 mg/day have been studied. Exercise may increase magnesium requirements by 10–20%.

Topical menthol is clinically studied for delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and acute muscle strain, showing significant pain reduction compared to placebo and ice. The mechanism involves TRPM8-mediated counterirritation and localized vasoactive effects.

Topical menthol (peppermint's primary active compound) reduces muscle pain via TRPM8 receptor activation and peripheral analgesic effects. RCTs support topical peppermint/menthol for pain relief, and NCCIH notes evidence for tension headache (muscle-origin pain). Traditional use for muscle aches is long-established.

MSM is an organic sulfur compound studied in multiple clinical trials for muscle and joint pain. A 2017 double-blind RCT (n=22) in half-marathon runners found 3 g/day for 21 days attenuated post-exercise muscle and joint pain at clinically relevant levels. A separate trial in athletes found 3,000 mg/day reduced post-exercise muscle soreness by approximately 17%. Effect sizes are generally modest.

Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) have evidence for attenuating exercise-induced muscle soreness and inflammatory markers. Multiple reviews have noted reductions in DOMS and inflammatory biomarkers. NCCIH and authoritative sources recognize omega-3s for musculoskeletal pain support, particularly at doses of 2–3 g/day EPA+DHA.

A clinical trial of 30 healthy subjects using a multi-enzyme supplement that included papain found reduced delayed-onset muscle soreness and improved post-exercise recovery versus placebo. Papain's proteolytic action on damaged proteins and inflammatory mediators underpins this effect. Evidence is limited to combination-enzyme studies.

PEA is an endogenous fatty acid amide with documented efficacy for musculoskeletal and nociceptive pain in a 2022 systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical evidence (Pharmaceutics, PMID-based). PEA activates PPAR-α and modulates mast cell and microglial activity to resolve inflammation. It has been studied for muscle and joint pain with consistent results.

Oral peptidase/protease supplementation has been tested in placebo-controlled trials specifically for delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Participants taking protease tablets prior to and after downhill running experienced significantly less soreness, stiffness, and had better mobility than placebo controls. Effect sizes are modest and evidence is based on small trials.

Bromelain's proteolytic and anti-inflammatory properties have been used clinically to reduce muscle soreness and tension. It has been shown to attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage in human subjects and was historically used as a meat tenderizer due to its ability to relax tense muscle tissue.

A clinical trial in hemodialysis patients found topically applied rosemary oil significantly reduced musculoskeletal pain severity versus placebo. A study in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving rosemary oil massage reported a 50% decrease in inflammatory knee pain over two weeks. Rosemary's analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties underlie these effects.

Serratiopeptidase is clinically used for muscle pain and soreness associated with inflammation and trauma, supported by its mechanism of hydrolyzing pain-mediating molecules (bradykinin, histamine, serotonin) and reducing prostaglandin production. Clinical reviews list muscle pains among its applications. Evidence is mechanistically grounded but lacks dedicated muscle-soreness RCTs.

Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS), including pain and soreness, are mechanistically linked to mevalonate pathway depletion of GGOH. Multiple studies show GGOH supplementation reverses statin-induced muscle damage and fatigue more effectively than CoQ10 alone. An opinion paper (PMC10691100) synthesizes this evidence, proposing GG as a pharmacological solution to SAMS.

Trypsin-containing systemic enzyme therapy has been shown in a double-blind RCT to significantly reduce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and fatigue in athletes following eccentric exercise. The effect is attributed to modulation of inflammatory mediators. Evidence is primarily for combination enzyme products.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa), containing curcumin as its primary active polyphenol, is supported by multiple RCTs and a 2022 systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrating reductions in DOMS pain, creatine kinase, and inflammatory cytokines. It inhibits COX-2, NF-κB, and MAPK inflammatory signaling. Traditional use in Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine for musculoskeletal pain also predates modern research.

Clinical evidence from a 2025 RCT in trained runners demonstrates reduced perceived exertion and lower indirect muscle damage biomarkers following UA supplementation during intense training. Anti-inflammatory effects—including reduced CRP—seen across multiple human trials also support a role in reducing post-exercise soreness.

Watermelon juice L-citrulline content has demonstrated reductions in DOMS and post-exercise muscle soreness in clinical trials. Effects span 24–72 hours after exercise and have been observed in both trained athletes and non-athletes.

Multiple RCTs and meta-analyses support whey protein's role in attenuating post-exercise muscle damage markers and soreness, though evidence is mixed. Whey's high leucine and BCAA content activates the mTOR pathway to accelerate muscle repair. A 2022 European Journal of Clinical Nutrition meta-analysis found small-to-medium beneficial effects on muscle function restoration. A PMC study in adolescent swimmers found significantly lower muscle soreness (p=0.04) and elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 in the whey group versus water.

Topical methyl salicylate, the primary constituent of wintergreen oil, is FDA-approved as a counterirritant analgesic for muscle soreness. A 2010 RCT (n=208) found a methyl salicylate/menthol patch provided significantly greater pain relief for muscle strain vs placebo at 8 hours (p=0.005). A large Phase IV real-world trial (n=3,515) showed significant soft tissue pain relief including muscles.

Allspice is documented in traditional herbal medicine across Central America, Guatemala, and Ayurvedic practice for muscle aches and soreness. It is applied topically as a rubefacient to promote local circulation and reduce pain. Eugenol provides analgesic activity via TRPV1 modulation and COX inhibition.

Birch bark contains methyl salicylate (particularly black birch), which has analgesic properties relevant to muscle pain. External application of fresh birch bark to aching muscles is documented in traditional practice. Birch essential oil has been used for muscle pain and rheumatism. No controlled clinical trials for muscle soreness specifically have been identified.

Black spruce is traditionally used for muscular aches, tension, and soreness. Its constituent bornyl acetate has analgesic and antispasmodic properties. Historically, the Lakota and other Indigenous peoples used it for muscular pain. The aromatherapy literature widely supports its use in massage blends for this purpose.

Cajuput oil has an extensive documented tradition as a topical treatment for muscle pain and soreness across Southeast Asia, Australia, and Ayurveda, and is an ingredient in commercial muscle-relief products such as Tiger Balm. The counter-irritant mechanism of 1,8-cineole is pharmacologically documented. A bibliometric review (2025) identifies muscle health as an emerging focus of cajuput research. Human RCT evidence specific to cajuput remains absent.

California poppy is classified in Western herbal medicine as an antispasmodic and analgesic, and indigenous traditions document its use for general musculoskeletal pain. The EMA assessment report references its British and Australian herbal medicine use for 'muscle tension' and pain. No clinical trials targeting muscle tension or soreness specifically exist.

Cat's claw is traditionally used as an analgesic for muscle and joint pain in South American indigenous medicine, and the NIH/NCBI LiverTox monograph describes it as used for 'muscle and joint aches.' Some evidence suggests analgesic activity, though no clinical trials specifically on muscle tension have been conducted.

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) is traditionally used in European herbalism as an antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory for muscle spasm and soreness. It contains 36 flavonoids with antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties, and its essential oil can be applied topically. Commission E and ESCOP recognize chamomile for spasm and inflammation.

Ho wood is traditionally used in aromatherapy massage for muscle tension and soreness. Linalool's analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties in preclinical models support this application. Aroma-Zone specifically describes ho wood as 'a valuable addition to treatments for joint and muscle ailments.'

Horseradish has an officially recognised traditional use as a topical rubefacient for minor muscle aches. The German Commission E specifically recommends external application for minor muscle soreness and respiratory congestion. Fresh grated root applied as a poultice causes local vasodilation and counter-irritant analgesia.

H. italicum EO is traditionally applied topically for muscle pain and soreness. Its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, attributed to neryl acetate and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals, provide biological plausibility. No clinical trials specifically on muscle soreness have been published.

Traditional Ayurvedic medicine uses Boswellia as an analgesic for musculoskeletal pain including muscle tension and soreness. Inhibition of 5-LOX and COX-2 pathways reduces PGE2 and leukotriene-driven sensitisation of pain receptors, providing mechanistic plausibility for muscle pain relief.

Kava has longstanding traditional and herbal use for muscle tension, spasm, and soreness, attributed to kavalactones' centrally and peripherally mediated muscle-relaxant properties. Preclinical studies confirm spasmolytic activity, and the beverage has been used in Pacific cultures partly for its muscle-relaxant effects. Human clinical evidence specific to this indication is absent.

Lavender essential oil has traditional use in European aromatherapy and herbal medicine for muscle tension, spasm, and soreness. It is applied topically and used aromatically. Commission E recognizes lavender internally for nervous tension; topical application for muscle relaxation has ethnobotanical backing. Preclinical studies show analgesic and antispasmodic activity, but human RCTs specifically for muscle soreness are limited.

Lobelia's antispasmodic action on smooth and skeletal muscle is one of its most consistently documented traditional attributes. Native Americans used it for muscular disorders; Eclectic physicians applied it externally and internally to relieve muscular cramping and tension. No human clinical trials specifically address muscle tension.

Marjoram essential oil is widely used in traditional and herbal medicine for muscle soreness, tension, and stiffness, applied topically as a diluted oil or used in fomentation. Its antispasmodic and analgesic properties are the documented mechanism.

Mustard plasters have a historically documented role in relieving muscle aches, soreness, and tension via their rubefacient (counterirritant) action. Applied topically, AITC dilates capillaries, increases local circulation, and generates warming sensations that reduce perceived muscle pain. This use was part of mainstream 19th–early 20th century medicine.

Pennycress seeds have been traditionally used in external plasters—analogous to mustard poultices—applied over the skin to warm muscle tissue and relieve aches and pain. This use parallels the well-known practice with mustard seed, another Brassicaceae member.

Peppermint and menthol (its primary constituent) have traditional use in European and Asian medicine for topical muscle pain relief and tension. Menthol activates TRPM8 cold receptors producing analgesic sensory effects and has mild antispasmodic properties. Topical peppermint oil is widely recognized for musculoskeletal pain relief in traditional and modern natural medicine contexts.

Classical TCM use of siler root includes relieving body aches, muscle stiffness, and spasms associated with wind-damp invasion. TCM texts describe it as antispasmodic and used for muscle twitching, limb pain, and the stiff neck associated with wind-cold. Preclinical analgesic evidence exists but no human trials for this endpoint.

Skullcap has a documented history as an antispasmodic herb. A patent for S. lateriflora extract explicitly includes 'muscle tension and spasms' as indications. Eclectic physicians prescribed it for 'muscular spasms' and 'subsultus tendinum.' Traditional Medicinals recommends it when 'muscles are stiff.'

Solomon's seal contains allantoin, recognized as a mild sedative and anti-inflammatory constituent, and is used in Western herbal tradition to ease muscle tension, soreness, and nervous irritability in muscles. The herb is also applied topically as an infused oil for sore muscles.

Spruce resin ointment and needle oil have documented traditional use for muscle soreness, tension, and pain relief. Topical application of resin salve to sore muscles is described in ethnobotanical sources. Spruce needle oil in bath preparations is used across European tradition for muscle aches. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory terpenes (bornyl acetate, alpha-pinene) provide pharmacological rationale.

Valerian root has traditional use in European herbalism as a muscle relaxant and antispasmodic. Commission E and ESCOP recognize valerian for nervous tension and muscle spasm. Its active constituents (valerenic acid, isovaleric acid) act on GABA-A receptors and produce muscle-relaxant effects. Scientific evidence for muscle tension specifically is primarily preclinical, with most human RCTs focused on sleep.

White willow bark (Salix alba) contains salicin, which is metabolized to salicylic acid, providing aspirin-like COX-inhibiting anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Used in European traditional medicine for centuries for pain and inflammation including muscle soreness. Commission E approves it for fever and pain conditions. Clinical evidence exists primarily for low back pain.

Traditional herbalists historically classified wild yam as a muscle relaxant and antispasmodic, prescribed for both visceral and somatic muscle tension. The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties demonstrated in animal models offer mechanistic plausibility. No human trials have assessed this specific use.