Resfriados (prevención)

Artichoke leaf extract has been shown in multiple clinical studies to reduce nausea as part of the functional dyspepsia symptom complex. ESCOP monographs list nausea and vomiting as indications. Post-marketing surveillance studies with 320–640 mg ALE three times daily found nausea resolved among the majority of patients at 2 months.

Cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa modulate the endocannabinoid system via CB1 receptor agonism to suppress nausea and vomiting. A PMC review (PMC3165951) confirms considerable evidence that endocannabinoid system manipulation regulates nausea and vomiting in humans. Cannabis-based medicines have been found effective antiemetics in clinical trials, particularly for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Cannabidiol (CBD) specifically suppresses nausea and vomiting via indirect 5-HT1A autoreceptor activation.

Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) has been identified in multiple peer-reviewed studies as an antiemetic. Its antispasmodic properties relax GI smooth muscle, reducing nausea and vomiting. Clinical studies have demonstrated that cardamom essential oil aromatherapy significantly reduces intra- and postoperative nausea and vomiting, and it has been tested as part of validated PONV aromatherapy blends in Cochrane-reviewed trials.

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) is documented in traditional medicine globally for nausea, vomiting, and GI upset. Its active constituent apigenin has antispasmodic and anxiolytic properties relevant to nausea pathways. A 2025 triple-blind randomized study (PMC11910166) investigated chamomile's effectiveness in reducing nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery, and multiple herbal reviews (Biomedical Research and Therapy, 2018) identify chamomile among the principal antiemetic medicinal plants.

Chen Pi has been used for millennia in TCM as an antiemetic. Its volatile oils and flavonoids (hesperidin, nobiletin) are documented to stimulate gastric secretions and modulate gastrointestinal motility. Pharmacopeial listing in China (Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China) reflects extensive clinical tradition backed by mechanistic research.

Cinnamon (Cinnamomum species) has traditional and emerging clinical evidence as an antiemetic. A RCT demonstrated that ginger and cinnamon aromatherapy reduced nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy in cancer patients (Amin et al., 2022, cited in PMC11881962). A cinnamon oral formulation study found reduction of nausea, vomiting, and menstrual pain in college students (Jaafarpour et al., 2015). Cinnamon shares antispasmodic properties with ginger and is listed among traditional antiemetic plants.

Nausea and vomiting are recognized gastrointestinal manifestations of histamine intolerance related to DAO deficiency. Clinical classification of HIT symptoms includes vomiting, and DAO supplementation trials report improvements in GI symptom composites that include nausea. Histamine acts on gut H1/H2 receptors and the vomiting center to trigger these symptoms.

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) has traditional use and emerging clinical evidence as an antiemetic. Its essential oil constituents anethole and fenchone relax GI smooth muscle via calcium channel inhibition, reducing nausea-associated GI spasm. The Biomedical Research and Therapy review (2018) identifies fennel among key traditional antiemetic plants, and a PMC 2025 systematic review documents antiemetic mechanisms for fennel in CINV.

In the RCT on functional dyspepsia (PMC6129344), the Asafin formulation produced 75% improvement in motion sickness (nausea) scores in the treatment group versus less than 10% in placebo. Traditional use also includes nausea associated with indigestion.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most extensively studied natural antiemetics. Multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs confirm efficacy for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), and postoperative nausea and vomiting. The active constituents gingerols and shogaols act via 5-HT3 receptor antagonism and NK-1 inhibition.

Clinical evidence from a trial in hospitalized patients found that enzyme preparations containing glucoamylase improved symptoms including nausea and vomiting. These effects are attributed to improved overall upper GI digestive function rather than a direct anti-emetic mechanism.

A double-blind RCT found that lavender aromatherapy significantly relieved nausea and vomiting as components of primary dysmenorrhea symptomatology. Lavender has been investigated in clinical trials for postoperative nausea as an aromatherapy intervention. Evidence is modest and primarily as an adjunct rather than standalone antiemetic.

Lemon aromatherapy has been investigated in RCTs for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP). A double-blind RCT (PMC4005434) found lemon inhalation aromatherapy significantly reduced NVP severity. A combined peppermint-lemon inhalation RCT (PubMed 33344211) also confirmed efficacy for mild-to-moderate NVP, and a pediatric RCT found peppermint-lemon aromatherapy effective for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in children.

Menthol, as a primary constituent of peppermint oil, has been studied in randomized controlled trials for postoperative and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. The mechanism involves 5-HT3 receptor antagonism and smooth muscle antispasmodic activity.

Peppermint oil inhalation and oral extract have been tested in RCTs for postoperative, chemotherapy-induced, and pregnancy-related nausea. Evidence shows statistically significant reductions in nausea severity, though effect sizes are modest and evidence certainty is rated low due to blinding difficulties and small samples.

Peppermint (Mentha × piperita), primarily via inhalation aromatherapy or oral extract, has clinical evidence supporting reduction of nausea and vomiting in postoperative, pregnancy, and chemotherapy settings. A Cochrane-included systematic review and meta-analysis (2025, PMC12294836) found peppermint oil inhalation may reduce severity of nausea and vomiting, though evidence certainty is low. An RCT in breast cancer chemotherapy patients showed significantly lower nausea/vomiting scores at 24 and 48 hours post-intervention (PubMed 33118401).

Pinellia ternata (Banxia) is a foundational antiemetic herb in traditional Chinese medicine, used since the Han Dynasty for nausea and vomiting. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 22 RCTs (n=1,787 patients; Phytomedicine 2023) found Pinellia ternata-containing TCM combined with 5-HT3 receptor antagonists significantly outperformed 5-HT3RAs alone for CINV. Pharmacological studies confirm it contains components that inhibit the emetic response.

Meta-analyses of S. boulardii as adjuvant to H. pylori eradication therapy show a statistically significant reduction in nausea (RR≈0.50), but not vomiting specifically. In pediatric gastroenteritis, S. boulardii reduces vomiting duration as part of its broader anti-gastroenteritis effect. Evidence is strongest for nausea as a side-effect of antibiotic regimens.

Spearmint (Mentha spicata) has been studied in aromatherapy blends and in oral form for nausea and vomiting, including PONV and CINV. It is included in Cochrane-reviewed aromatherapy blends for PONV and a PMC 2025 systematic review documents its antiemetic mechanisms via GI smooth muscle relaxation. A double-blind RCT found spearmint essential oil capsules significantly reduced the intensity and frequency of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Gastrointestinal beriberi—thiamine deficiency primarily affecting the digestive system—presents with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain that resolves with thiamine repletion. Thiamine supplementation has been shown to improve nausea and GI motility disorders. FDA-approved parenteral thiamine is indicated in patients who cannot take oral supplementation due to severe nausea and vomiting.

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is a first-line pharmacological treatment for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP). The NIH Office of Dietary Supplements confirms that in two RCTs, 30–75 mg/day oral pyridoxine significantly decreased nausea in pregnant women. ACOG recommends 10–25 mg three to four times daily as monotherapy first-line therapy for NVP.

Vomiting is listed among the traditional indications for A. spectabilis in Himalayan ethnobotany. The plant's carminative and antispasmodic properties documented in traditional sources provide plausibility for this use.

Ajwain is used traditionally in Ayurvedic and South Asian folk medicine for nausea, particularly related to indigestion and motion sickness. Its carminative and digestive properties are the proposed mechanism. No human clinical trials for nausea or vomiting have been conducted.

Allspice is documented in traditional herbalism as a remedy for nausea and vomiting, particularly associated with digestive upset. Its carminative, aromatic, and digestive-stimulant properties are attributed to eugenol and related volatile oils. No human clinical evidence exists.

Galangal root is widely used in TCM and Ayurveda as an antiemetic, prescribed for nausea, vomiting, and hiccups. Pharmacological reviews confirm antiemetic activity in preclinical studies. No dedicated human RCTs for nausea have been published specifically for A. galanga.

Anise (Pimpinella anisum) has longstanding traditional use in multiple medicine systems for nausea, vomiting, and GI spasm. A Biomedical Research and Therapy review (2018) lists anise among the key traditional antiemetic medicinal plants. Anise oil demonstrates significant antispasmodic effects by relaxing methacholine-induced GI smooth muscle contractions, potentially via potassium channel activation—a plausible antiemetic mechanism.

Atractylodes macrocephala has been used in TCM formulas for nausea, vomiting, and chronic gastritis for centuries. Sesquiterpenoids from the herb have demonstrated antiemetic activity in preclinical studies. No modern randomised human trials specifically investigating atractylodes for nausea or vomiting have been published.

Banana is a traditional component of the BRAT diet (Banana, Rice, Applesauce, Toast) used for nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal upset across many cultures. Its bland, easily digestible carbohydrate content and mild astringency make it a widely recommended food during episodes of nausea. Documented traditional and clinical dietary use exists, but controlled trials for nausea specifically are absent.

Barberry is documented in traditional and herbal medicine references as a remedy for nausea, listed alongside other digestive indications. No clinical trial data exist specifically for barberry in nausea or vomiting.

Basil is used in Ayurveda, TCM, and folk medicine for nausea and vomiting, often as leaf tea. Ethnobotanical records consistently document this use. The carminative and antispasmodic properties of volatile oils (linalool, eugenol) provide pharmacological plausibility, though no human clinical trials exist.

Bayberry is listed in traditional herbal medicine for nausea, and in large doses historically used to induce vomiting as a treatment for poisoning. WebMD and RxList document these traditional uses. No clinical trial evidence exists.

In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Perilla leaf (Zi Su Ye) has been incorporated into formulas designed to harmonize the stomach and alleviate nausea, vomiting, and morning sickness, with documented use spanning centuries. The clinical trials on Benegut assessed nausea as a secondary symptom endpoint but were not designed to specifically validate anti-emetic effects.

Black pepper is used in various traditional medicine systems including Ayurveda for nausea and vomiting, often combined with ginger. Its antiemetic use is documented in traditional contexts, though scientific human trial evidence specifically for this indication is absent.

Cajuput is documented in traditional Southeast Asian medicine as a carminative and stomach remedy, and its use for gastrointestinal discomfort including nausea is recorded in Malay traditional medicine. The presence of 1,8-cineole with smooth-muscle relaxant properties provides a pharmacological basis. No clinical trials exist.

Camphor has been used in traditional medicine systems for digestive complaints including nausea, and is referenced in historical pharmacological texts for stimulant effects on the gastrointestinal system. No modern clinical trials exist for camphor oil as an antiemetic.

Caraway has traditional use across multiple herbal systems for nausea, stomach aches, and general digestive upset. Its antispasmodic properties targeting intestinal smooth muscle are the proposed basis. No dedicated human clinical trials for nausea or vomiting specifically have been identified.

Cassia bark is documented in traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurvedic medicine as a remedy for nausea, vomiting, and stomach spasms. RxList and other authoritative databases list nausea and vomiting prevention among its traditional oral uses. No clinical trials specifically examining these endpoints were identified in the peer-reviewed literature.

Traditional herbal medicine documents cayenne's use for nausea, and the PMC review of Capsicum annuum lists postoperative nausea and vomiting among the conditions for which capsaicin has been used. Nausea is also a potential side effect of excessive cayenne intake, creating a complex, dose-dependent relationship.

Clove and eugenol are traditionally used in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine as antiemetics. Pharmacological reviews (PMC) document antiemetic and nausea-controlling properties of eugenol essential oil from clove.

TCM texts and classical Chinese medicine monographs consistently list vomiting among the primary indications of Coptis chinensis, especially for 'heat in the stomach.' Berberine from the herb has been used internally for nausea and vomiting for over 2,000 years. No controlled human trials exist for this specific indication.

Cumin has been used in Ayurvedic tradition for nausea, morning sickness, and colic. It is listed in traditional ethnobotanical records for these indications across multiple cultures. No controlled human trials specifically for nausea have been published.

Wild yam has a traditional history of use for nausea, particularly pregnancy-related nausea, documented in North American folk medicine since the 18th century. Some herbalists reference its antispasmodic and digestive properties as relevant. No clinical evidence exists.

Feverfew has been traditionally used to alleviate nausea and vomiting, including as a migraine-associated symptom. The PMC systematic review and NCCIH both cite nausea and vomiting among traditional applications. Clinical data specific to this indication are absent.

Emesis (vomiting) is one of the four classically documented indications for C. speciosa (Mugua) in TCM, cited in multiple peer-reviewed ethnobotanical and pharmacological reviews. The anti-emetic action is attributed to the herb's antispasmodic and stomach-harmonizing properties. No clinical trials for this specific indication are documented in indexed literature.

Nausea and vomiting are listed among the traditional indications for Forsythia in Chinese medicine, and it is described as having antiemetic properties in pharmacological reviews. Animal models using free radical-induced emesis have been used to screen its antiemetic compounds. Clinical human evidence is absent.

The inner layer of Poria cocos (Fu Ling) is traditionally used for nausea, emesis, and gastric atony in TCM and Japanese Kampo medicine. Classical indications recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and historical texts document its use for these gastrointestinal symptoms. Scientific evidence for this specific endpoint is absent.

Fructus Gardeniae is documented in TCM for 'eliminating vexation' and treating stomach upset and nausea associated with heat conditions. It is included in TCM formulas such as Zhi-zi-chi decoction for vomiting and restlessness. Preclinical evidence for gastric motility or anti-emetic effects is limited; no human clinical trials specifically address nausea/vomiting.

Gentiana species have been employed traditionally across Siberian, European, and Chinese medical traditions for nausea and vomiting as part of their broader gastrointestinal use. The 2025 PMC Gentianaceae review lists vomiting among traditional gastrointestinal indications. No human clinical trials specifically for nausea/vomiting have been identified.

Gentian root has a longstanding traditional use for nausea and vomiting as part of its role as a bitter digestive tonic. Commission E and ESCOP list nausea among the dyspeptic complaints addressed by gentian. An open clinical study of 205 dyspeptic patients treated with gentian dry extract showed improvement in nausea and vomiting among other symptoms. No specific RCT for nausea/vomiting exists.

Traditional African and multi-cultural herbal medicine systems document geranium use for nausea and vomiting. The plant is listed as 'stomachic' and antispasmodic in traditional pharmacopoeias. No clinical trial evidence is available.

Green chiretta is recorded in Ayurvedic and TCM traditions as a treatment for nausea, biliousness, and stomach upset, particularly when associated with fever or digestive infection. Its bitter stomachic action and anti-inflammatory properties provide a plausible basis. No dedicated clinical trials on nausea were identified.

Nausea and vomiting are among the most consistently cited traditional indications for H. spicatum rhizome across Ayurvedic, Unani, and folk systems. Multiple systematic reviews document this use. No controlled preclinical antiemetic studies or human clinical trials specifically evaluating this indication have been identified in indexed literature.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) prescribes Lablab Semen Album specifically for vomiting, categorizing it as a herb that harmonizes the middle jiao and relieves summer-heat-induced nausea and vomiting. This indication is documented in multiple TCM pharmacopeias and ancient materia medica.

Hyssop is traditionally used as a stomachic and carminative for digestive upset including nausea, stomach pain, and intestinal gas. Its smooth-muscle-relaxing and aromatic properties are considered to underlie this use in Iranian and European herbal tradition.

Traditional Indian medicine systems (Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani) document the use of bael preparations for nausea and vomiting, particularly in the context of fever recovery and gastrointestinal illness. Multiple ethnobotanical reviews include nausea among the traditional indications of Aegle marmelos.

TCM and herbal traditions describe kudzu as useful for nausea, with herbalists particularly recommending it in combination with ginger tea. The traditional context relates to gastric heat and alcohol-related nausea. No controlled clinical trials for nausea and vomiting have been published.

Lemon balm has a long and well-documented traditional history as a remedy for nausea, vomiting, and upset stomach in European and Iranian herbalism, with recognition in the German Commission E and the Iranian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Clinical trial evidence specifically for nausea/vomiting as an isolated endpoint is lacking; the evidence base is primarily traditional/pharmacopoeial.

Lemongrass is documented in folk medicine as an antiemetic (anti-nausea) and digestive remedy. Traditional use for nausea, indigestion, and gastrointestinal complaints is widely noted in pharmacological reviews of C. citratus. No human clinical trials specifically assessing lemongrass for nausea or vomiting have been identified.

Licorice root has a long traditional use as a digestive carminative and for gastric upset in Chinese, Ayurvedic, and Middle Eastern medicine. Its demulcent and anti-spasmodic properties are proposed to relieve nausea. Direct clinical evidence specifically for nausea and vomiting as primary endpoints is lacking; most gastric evidence relates to ulcers and GERD rather than nausea specifically.

The use of Syringa species to treat vomiting is documented in traditional Chinese medicine and cited in peer-reviewed genus reviews. This represents a consistently recorded traditional gastrointestinal indication across the literature.

Lobelia's most historically prominent property is its powerful emetic action, deliberately used by both Native Americans and 19th-century Eclectic physicians. It was intentionally employed to induce vomiting for therapeutic "cleansing" or poisoning antidotes. At sub-emetic doses, its effects on nausea are bidirectional.

Adhatoda vasica is listed in Ayurvedic texts as useful for nausea and vomiting. Traditional Ayurvedic documentation includes these symptoms among the conditions treated by A. vasica preparations.

In traditional herbal medicine, marjoram is classified as a stomachic—an herb that settles the stomach—and is used for nausea. Its carminative and digestive-stimulant properties underpin this use.

Mugwort has been historically classified as a digestive and antiemetic herb in traditional European and Asian medicine. Its antispasmodic action on smooth muscle and its documented use against nausea — including fever-related nausea — are found in multiple ethnobotanical records. No human clinical trials exist for this indication.

TC is listed in folk and Ayurvedic medicine for vomiting and hiccough. Iranian traditional medicine and multiple South Asian folkloric sources cite TC as useful for nausea and upper gastrointestinal distress, attributed to its stomachic and prokinetic properties.

Orange peel and its essential oil have documented traditional use for nausea and vomiting across multiple medical traditions, including Chinese traditional medicine. The aromatic compounds in orange peel—particularly d-limonene—are traditionally used as antiemetic agents. Clinical evidence specific to Citrus sinensis for nausea is limited.

Nausea and vomiting—particularly migraine-associated nausea—are cited as traditional indications for feverfew across multiple authoritative sources including the PMC systematic review. Feverfew is 'primarily known for use in prophylaxis of migraine headaches and associated nausea and vomiting' per Drugs.com. No dedicated clinical trials for nausea or vomiting as independent endpoints exist.

In homeopathic and traditional medicine contexts, paw paw (both Asimina triloba and Carica papaya) has been used for nausea and vomiting. Carica papaya is documented in traditional Asian and African medicine for gastrointestinal upset including nausea. No dedicated controlled clinical trials confirm anti-emetic efficacy.

Peach leaves have a long history of use across multiple traditional systems—TCM, Eclectic medicine, Ayurveda, and Appalachian folk herbalism—for reducing nausea and vomiting. The leaf is classified as antiemetic and demulcent. No human clinical trials have been conducted.

Perilla is well-established in TCM for relieving nausea and vomiting, including pregnancy-related nausea. Its role in regulating qi and addressing digestive reversal (ascending stomach qi) is documented in classical texts including the Compendium of Materia Medica. No controlled human clinical trials for nausea and vomiting have been identified.

Fresh pineapple has been used in traditional medicine for nausea and digestive upset. The enzymes aid digestion of proteins that can cause gastric irritation, and the fruit is included in traditional preparations for morning sickness and general nausea in several indigenous traditions.

Pistacia integerrima galls are documented in Ayurvedic and folk medicine specifically for vomiting in children and dyspeptic vomiting. Multiple ethnopharmacological reviews and pharmacognostic surveys consistently record this antiemetic traditional use. Extracts from the galls are described as having antiemetic and carminative properties.

Traditional use of poppy for nausea is documented in Unani and historical European medicine, where poppy preparations were used to suppress nausea and gastrointestinal upset. However, the opioid alkaloids themselves can paradoxically cause nausea at certain doses, and this relationship is complex.

Classical TCM monographs document Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra) for stomach disorders and GI complaints. MSKCC notes its historical use for 'stomach disorders.' No human RCTs specifically testing schisandrins for nausea or vomiting have been identified.

Classical TCM texts indicate shen-chu for nausea and vomiting associated with food stagnation and summer-heat syndrome. It appears in multi-herb TCM formulas investigated for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, but direct clinical evidence for shen-chu alone is absent.

TCM classical texts list vomiting and stomach cold as primary indications for Hua Jiao (Z. bungeanum). Its warming, pro-motility effects on the gastrointestinal tract provide a mechanistic rationale, though no human clinical trial evidence is available.

Slippery elm is traditionally used for gastrointestinal upset including nausea. A small multi-ingredient clinical study found improvement in nausea, though slippery elm's individual contribution cannot be isolated. Traditional use for general GI disturbance including nausea is well documented.

Slippery elm has been traditionally used for nausea and stomach upset. An Australian multi-ingredient clinical study including slippery elm reported reduced nausea among participants with digestive disorders. However, slippery elm has not been studied in isolation for nausea, and attribution cannot be confirmed.

In homeopathic Materia Medica (Boericke), Ornithogalum umbellatum has a well-described traditional indication for nausea, vomiting, and 'phlegmy retchings' associated with severe gastric pathology, including gastric ulceration and pyloric dysfunction. Vomiting of coffee-ground material is listed as a keynote symptom. This is a traditional homeopathic indication without clinical trial evidence.

A. calamus has traditional use across Ayurveda, Unani, and Native American medicine for nausea and vomiting, particularly in the context of digestive disorders. It is listed in Unani texts as a stomach tonic and gastrointestinal remedy. No clinical trial data specific to nausea/vomiting exist.

Swertia chirayita has been traditionally used for vomiting and nausea in Ayurvedic and folk medicine throughout South Asia. The comprehensive J Ethnopharmacol 2023 review lists vomiting among its traditional indications. No human clinical data specifically addressing nausea or vomiting endpoints are available.

T. cordifolia is documented in traditional Indian medicine texts as a remedy for vomiting and digestive complaints. Its antispasmodic and digestive properties provide mechanistic rationale. ScienceDirect review lists it as used for fever, vomiting, diabetes, and jaundice in traditional practice.

Vanilla has a documented traditional use for nausea and gastrointestinal irritation. Multiple historical pharmacopoeias and materia medica texts describe its use as a carminative and gastrointestinal soother. No clinical human trials have investigated vanilla specifically for nausea or vomiting.

Wild yam has a long traditional history as an antispasmodic remedy for nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal cramping. 19th-century Eclectic physicians frequently prescribed it for bilious colic and persistent nausea. No controlled clinical trials substantiate this use in humans.

Wood betony is listed in traditional herbal records as a stomachic remedy for nausea, particularly that associated with weak or stressed digestion. Historical herbalists Menzies-Trull and others note its tonic action on the stomach for nausea. No clinical data exist.

Zanthoxylum is listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and multiple TCM traditions for use in vomiting and nausea. Traditional preparations are used across Asia for these complaints. Antispasmodic properties provide indirect mechanistic plausibility, but no clinical studies exist.