Triglycerides

Multiple clinical trials demonstrate that acacia gum significantly reduces serum triglycerides. A case-control trial in hyperlipidemia patients found 30 g/day for 4 weeks reduced triglycerides by 38.2%. A trial in type 2 diabetic patients found a 10.95% reduction in triglycerides with 30 g/day over 3 months. A trial in sickle cell anemia patients also confirmed triglyceride reductions.

Adzuki bean extract significantly reduced triglycerides in spontaneously hypertensive rats in a dose-dependent manner. A human RCT showed a non-significant trend toward triglyceride reduction. GABA-enriched adzuki bean diets inhibit triglyceride synthesis via AMPK/SREBP1c downregulation in animal models.

In the only published human RCT on agrimony (Cho et al., J Med Food 2018), agrimony aqueous extract produced a statistically significant reduction in serum triglycerides (P=0.020) versus placebo at 8 weeks in subjects with elevated liver enzymes. This is the primary human-level evidence for agrimony's triglyceride-lowering effect.

Animal studies in rabbits and rats have documented significant reductions in serum triglycerides with ajwain seed powder supplementation, with one study reporting a 53% reduction at 2 g/kg. This lipid-lowering property is consistently cited in peer-reviewed pharmacological reviews. Human clinical data are absent.

Human observational data show A. muciniphila abundance inversely correlates with plasma triglycerides. In the Depommier et al. 2019 RCT, triglycerides trended lower in treated groups versus placebo, though this did not reach statistical significance in the small pilot. Animal studies robustly show A. muciniphila reduces hepatic triglyceride synthesis and serum triglycerides. A. muciniphila metabolites inhibit lipogenic gene expression and enhance fatty acid oxidation.

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential plant-derived omega-3 fatty acid found in flaxseed, walnuts, and chia seeds. Whole flaxseed supplementation (the primary dietary source) has been shown in multiple RCTs and meta-analyses to significantly reduce triglycerides. ALA's conversion to EPA and DHA in the body is limited but contributes to the lipid-lowering effect.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 RCTs (2019) found ALA supplementation significantly reduced serum triglycerides by a weighted mean difference of −29.2 mg/dL versus placebo. An RCT in metabolic syndrome patients (600 mg/day, 12 weeks) found significant TG reductions of −36.8 mg/dL in the ALA group versus +6.2 mg/dL in placebo.

Multiple animal studies and at least one human trial show alfalfa extracts lower serum triglycerides alongside total cholesterol and LDL. Saponins and flavonoids appear to mediate lipid-lowering effects through hepatic gene regulation. Human clinical data are limited but directionally consistent.

Algal oil is a vegetarian/vegan source of DHA (and sometimes EPA) derived from marine microalgae. It provides the same long-chain omega-3s as fish oil at equivalent doses and has comparable triglyceride-lowering bioavailability, making it an evidence-based alternative for individuals who avoid fish products.

Evidence for almond-specific triglyceride reduction is inconsistent. Some earlier studies and traditional use attributed triglyceride-lowering effects to almonds, but a 2025 RCT specifically in adults with metabolic syndrome found almond consumption did not significantly alter triglyceride concentrations. Meta-analyses show variable and population-dependent effects.

Multiple RCTs and a systematic meta-analysis of five RCTs (415 participants) demonstrate that aloe vera supplementation significantly reduces serum triglycerides in pre-diabetic and early diabetic patients. A double-blind RCT in 72 pre-diabetic subjects found triglyceride levels significantly decreased after four weeks with 500 mg aloe vera extract.

Several clinical and preclinical studies report that amaranth consumption reduces serum triglyceride levels. A randomized trial of amaranth seed oil in obese patients showed significant triglyceride reduction. An A. caudatus extract study also found triglyceride reductions alongside blood glucose improvements. Animal data and in vitro studies support a hypolipidemic effect on triglycerides.

EPA and DHA from anchovies are among the most robustly evidence-supported nutrients for lowering elevated triglycerides. A dose-response meta-analysis in JAHA found a mean TG reduction of ~43 mg/dL at 2 g/day and ~69 mg/dL at 3 g/day EPA+DHA. A separate meta-analysis specifically in metabolic syndrome patients confirmed significant TG reduction (SMD=−0.39) with n-3 PUFA supplementation.

A clinical study in 60 patients with modest hypertriglyceridemia found that andrographolide extract at 120 mg/day improved serum triglyceride levels. Animal studies further corroborate hypolipidemic effects on triglycerides, and clinical trial data in T2DM patients has also assessed triglyceride outcomes.

Clinical trials consistently show annatto delta-tocotrienol reduces serum triglycerides. In hypercholesterolemic patients, 250 mg/day lowered triglycerides by 14% within 4 weeks. In a 24-week T2DM RCT (n=110), triglycerides fell 10.3%. An RCT in metabolic syndrome (n=82) combining tocotrienol with resveratrol reduced triglycerides by 16%.

Apple polyphenols and pectin have shown triglyceride-lowering effects in preclinical models and some human RCTs, attributed to modulation of hepatic lipid metabolism and gut microbiota-mediated SCFA production. The RCT meta-analysis data on triglycerides are inconclusive overall but favorable trends are observed in metabolic subgroups.

Meta-analyses of RCTs show ACV consumption is associated with modest but statistically significant reductions in serum triglycerides. An 18-week RCT in obese subjects found reductions in triglycerides alongside modest weight loss. Mechanisms are attributed to acetic acid's effects on lipid metabolism and hepatic fatty acid oxidation.

Human clinical data on apricot seeds and triglycerides are mixed: a 12-week study found a significant increase in triglycerides, while a 42-day study found no significant change. Animal studies with apricot kernels show reductions in triglycerides in diabetic models. The net effect on triglycerides in humans requires further study, but apricot seeds have been specifically studied in this context.

The 2018 meta-analysis of 5 RCTs (n=292) showed argan oil significantly reduced plasma triglycerides by −13.69 mg/dl. Supporting RCTs in diabetic and dyslipidaemic patients confirm triglyceride-lowering with 25–30 mL/day over 3–4 weeks.

Human clinical trials in metabolic syndrome patients have found significant reductions in serum triglycerides following Aronia melanocarpa extract supplementation. One controlled trial reported approximately 9% reduction in triglycerides after 2 months. A separate RCT in elderly MetS patients found diastolic blood pressure and triglycerides significantly decreased with 8 weeks of supplementation.

Artichoke leaf extract has been shown in a meta-analysis of 9 RCTs (n=702) to significantly reduce triglycerides (WMD = −9.2 mg/dL, p=0.011) in addition to lowering total and LDL cholesterol. Active components include cynarin, chlorogenic acid, and luteolin, which modulate hepatic lipid metabolism.

Ashitaba extracts consistently reduced triglyceride levels in multiple rodent studies, including fructose-fed insulin-resistant rats and high-fat-diet mice. The mechanism involves AMPK-mediated suppression of hepatic lipogenesis and enhanced fatty acid oxidation. No dedicated human triglyceride trials have been conducted.

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) has been studied in multiple RCTs for metabolic effects including lipid lowering. Clinical trials and a meta-analysis show significant reductions in LDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Used in Ayurvedic medicine as a rasayana (rejuvenating tonic) for centuries.

Animal studies in hyperlipidemic rats with A. racemosus root powder showed variable results: one study found no significant reduction in triglycerides, while others noted total lipid fraction reductions including triglycerides. Ecdysteroids in A. officinalis are proposed to modulate triglyceride lipase activity. Human clinical evidence for triglyceride reduction specifically is limited.

Meta-analyses of RCTs consistently show astaxanthin significantly reduces serum triglycerides. One meta-analysis (SMD: −0.17; p=0.033) confirmed this effect alongside reductions in total cholesterol and LDL-C. High-dose supplementation (20 mg/day, 12 weeks) in obese males produced statistically significant triglyceride reductions versus placebo.

Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) reduced plasma triglycerides by approximately 30% in a rodent cholesterol model, via increased fecal bile acid excretion and inhibition of cholesterol absorption, by mechanisms distinct from statins. Clinical data show total cholesterol and triglyceride reductions in patients treated with astragalus alongside lipid markers. AS-IV also has documented lipid-modulating activity in vascular models.

Avocado, rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA, primarily oleic acid), beta-sitosterol, and soluble fiber, has been shown in multiple RCTs and a meta-analysis to reduce triglycerides as part of improved lipid profiles. Regular avocado consumption reduces cardiometabolic risk markers including TG.

Bamboo shoot polysaccharides and dietary fiber reduce serum triglycerides in multiple animal studies. At 400 mg/kg, bamboo shoot polysaccharides reduced triglycerides by 34.8% in diabetic mice. Bamboo shoot powder in high-fat-diet mice also produced a 21.35% reduction in triglycerides.

Corosolic acid from banaba has demonstrated triglyceride-lowering activity in animal models of obesity and metabolic syndrome, with fasting plasma triglycerides reduced by approximately 22% in one mouse study. The antihyperlipidemic activity of corosolic acid is acknowledged in multiple peer-reviewed reviews, and a human RCT in metabolic syndrome patients assessed lipid parameters as secondary endpoints.

The 2023 in silico study (PMC10459191) demonstrated that baobab polyphenols including quercetin inhibit pancreatic lipase with binding affinities comparable to orlistat, suggesting potential reduction in dietary fat absorption and consequently triglyceride levels. Prior in vivo/in vitro studies referenced in this work have reported that baobab extract improves dyslipidemia including triglycerides. The ongoing Cape Town RCT will measure serum triglycerides as a secondary endpoint.

The 2019 meta-analysis of 5 RCTs (n=339) showed barberry supplementation significantly reduced triglycerides by approximately 29 mg/dL. A 2025 meta-analysis of berberine RCTs also confirmed significant triglyceride-lowering (WMD: −0.367 mmol/L). AMPK activation limiting fatty acid synthesis is the key mechanism.

A meta-analysis of RCTs found barley consumption significantly reduced serum triglycerides by approximately 12 mg/dL on average. Some individual trials and narrative reviews report reductions of 6–16%. Effects on triglycerides are somewhat less consistent than effects on LDL cholesterol.

Sweet basil extract significantly reduced plasma and liver triglycerides in hyperlipidemic animal models and in human clinical trials. A 2024 RCT (n=200) with Thai basil extract reported improved lipid profiles including triglycerides. The 2017 systematic review of 24 holy basil trials also found triglyceride reductions.

Clinical studies show that beetroot betalains reduce plasma triglycerides in subjects with dyslipidemia and coronary artery disease. Mechanistic evidence points to betalain modulation of lipid metabolism pathways.

Animal studies demonstrate that T. bellirica extract reduces serum triglycerides in multiple models including diet-induced and drug-induced hyperlipidemia in rodents. In type 2 diabetic mice, hot-water fruit extract suppressed the rise of triglyceride levels and reduced liver triglyceride content. Gallic acid, a constituent, also significantly reduced serum triglycerides in animal studies. No human RCT on T. bellirica for triglycerides alone has been published.

Berberine, an alkaloid from plants such as goldenseal and Coptis chinensis, has been shown in multiple meta-analyses of RCTs to significantly reduce triglycerides. A 2025 meta-analysis confirmed berberine significantly reduces TG as a component of its broad metabolic effects. It is widely used clinically in China for dyslipidemia.

Berberis species (including B. vulgaris, B. aristata) are primary sources of berberine, an alkaloid with well-documented triglyceride-lowering effects in multiple RCTs and meta-analyses. The TG-lowering evidence derives from the berberine content of Berberis plants, mediated through AMPK activation and inhibition of VLDL production.

Bergamot polyphenolic extract (from Citrus bergamia) has been shown in multiple RCTs and a meta-analysis to significantly reduce triglycerides in patients with metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia. Active flavonoids including brutieridin, melitidin, naringin, and hesperidin modulate lipid metabolism.

Beta-glucan, a soluble fiber from oats and barley, has well-established evidence for lowering LDL cholesterol and is also supported by clinical data for modest triglyceride reduction. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the FDA have issued qualified health claims for beta-glucan and cholesterol reduction.

B. breve supplementation has been associated with modest reductions in serum triglycerides in clinical trials. In a 12-week RCT of pre-obese adults using B. breve B-3, triglyceride levels slightly decreased from baseline in the treatment group. In a 12-week RCT in type 2 diabetes patients, B. breve supplementation significantly reduced triglycerides compared to placebo.

A meta-analysis of Bifidobacterium-containing probiotic RCTs showed significant triglyceride reductions. B. lactis HN019 demonstrated favorable effects on blood lipids in metabolic syndrome patients. Effects appear more robust in individuals with pre-existing hypertriglyceridemia than in healthy normolipidemic individuals.

Some human intervention studies report reductions in blood triglycerides with bilberry or bilberry/blackcurrant anthocyanin supplementation, particularly in subjects with dyslipidemia or metabolic syndrome. Results are inconsistent across trials, with a 52-participant double-blind RCT finding no significant triglyceride change with isolated bilberry anthocyanins over 28 days.

Bile acids regulate hepatic triglyceride synthesis and VLDL export through FXR-mediated suppression of lipogenesis. Bile acid synthesis rates in humans correlate with serum triglyceride levels in hyperlipidemic patients. Increasing the bile acid pool (CDCA treatment) reduces serum triglycerides in hyperlipidemic patients, while bile acid sequestrants paradoxically increase VLDL-TG secretion.

A 2024 meta-analysis of 34 RCTs (2278 participants) found N. sativa supplementation significantly reduced triglycerides (SMD: −1.27; 95% CI: −1.67 to −0.83; p<0.001). The 2025 meta-analysis of 82 RCTs further confirmed significant TG reduction.

Human RCT evidence, including a 2025 double-blind trial in 170 NAFLD patients, demonstrates substantial triglyceride reductions with piperine supplementation. A 2026 meta-analysis confirmed pooled triglyceride reductions across RCTs. Animal models corroborate these findings consistently.

Blackberry polyphenols and fiber modulate lipid metabolism, with animal models showing blackberry extract lowers plasma lipid parameters. Meta-analytic data on anthocyanin-rich berries shows beneficial trends on cardiometabolic markers including triglycerides, though effects are less consistent than for total cholesterol.

Preclinical studies in diabetic and high-fat-diet rodent models consistently show that A. scholaris extracts significantly reduce serum triglycerides. In one 4-week STZ-diabetic rat study, aqueous bark extract at 150–300 mg/kg produced significant reductions in serum triglycerides alongside blood glucose and cholesterol.

A human study in patients with elevated triglycerides found bladderwrack supplementation reduced triglyceride levels to normal range within 4 months. Fucoidan metabolic syndrome trials and rodent studies consistently show triglyceride-lowering effects. This is among the better-documented lipid effects.

An 8-week RCT in type 2 diabetes men found significantly lower triglycerides with 22 g/day freeze-dried blueberries versus placebo. Pooled meta-analytic evidence shows a directionally favorable but non-significant reduction across broader populations.

A clinical study in obese individuals found borage oil supplementation produced a statistically significant decrease in blood triglycerides alongside an increase in HDL cholesterol. This provides direct human evidence for a triglyceride-lowering effect of borage oil, though the evidence base is small.

GLA-containing oils including borage oil are associated with reductions in serum triglycerides via DGLA-mediated modulation of hepatic lipogenesis. Clinical and animal studies document triglyceride-lowering effects, though human RCT data for borage oil specifically are limited and derived mainly from combination lipid studies.

LBP supplementation significantly reduces serum triglyceride levels, confirmed in meta-analysis of human and animal trials. Boxthorn extracts lower TG alongside total cholesterol and LDL while raising HDL in hyperlipidemic models. A meta-analysis found statistically significant pooled effects on TG reduction.

Human clinical trials in T2D patients show that broccoli sprout supplementation lowers serum triglycerides. A meta-analysis of 10 clinical trials found a trend toward reduced triglycerides with broccoli sprout supplementation. A systematic review confirmed decreased triglycerides as one of the cardiometabolic improvements after BSE intervention.

A 3-month human dietary intervention (n=56 hyperlipidemic patients) found germinated brown rice significantly reduced serum triglycerides vs. polished rice. A meta-analysis of RCTs found pre-germinated brown rice reduced triglycerides by −43.28 mg/dL (95% CI: −74.05 to −12.50). At the mechanistic level, rice protein reduces hepatic triglyceride output by suppressing CD36 and MTP expression (documented in rat models via PMC 2024).

A clinical study in knee osteoarthritis patients (Maghsoumi-Norouzabad group, ScienceDirect, 2019) found that 42 days of burdock root tea consumption significantly reduced total cholesterol, LDL-C, and associated lipid ratios while raising HDL-C. Animal studies with burdock seed ethanol extract and burdock root inulin separately demonstrated significant triglyceride reduction in high-fat-diet models.

C. crista seed extracts have demonstrated hypolipidemic effects including triglyceride reduction in preclinical models of hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Studies showed significant decreases in serum triglycerides alongside total cholesterol and LDL in high-fat diet and diabetic rodent models.

Calamari oil, rich in DHA and EPA, has strong clinical backing for lowering elevated triglycerides. Multiple RCTs and meta-analyses show marine omega-3s can reduce triglycerides by 20–50% depending on dose. The FDA has approved pharmaceutical-grade omega-3 products for severe hypertriglyceridemia. Direct calamari-specific trials are limited, but its DHA/EPA profile is equivalent to other marine sources.

Plant sterol supplementation, of which campesterol is a major component, has been shown to reduce triglyceride concentrations in clinical trials, with the greatest effect in hypertriglyceridemic subjects. A review of human interventions found TG reductions of 11–28% in subjects with elevated baseline triglycerides at 2–4 g/day phytosterol intake.

Human and animal data both support triglyceride-lowering effects of camu camu. An ACS Omega-reviewed human trial found decreased triglycerides in subjects taking lyophilized camu camu. Animal studies in obese/diabetic mice also demonstrated reductions in triglycerides and free fatty acids with camu camu extract supplementation.

Capsanthin consistently reduced serum triglycerides in multiple high-fat-diet rodent models. The effect is linked to enhanced hepatic fatty acid oxidation, AMPK activation, and modulation of lipogenic gene expression.

Cardamom supplementation consistently reduces serum triglycerides across multiple RCTs and meta-analyses. A 2020 Phytotherapy Research meta-analysis of 5 RCTs found a significant TG reduction (WMD: −20.55 mg/dL). A larger 2024 meta-analysis of 12 trials also confirmed reductions (WMD: −14.09 mg/dL). Effects on LDL-C and HDL-C are less consistent.

Carrot supplementation has been shown in animal models to substantially reduce plasma and liver triglycerides, associated with inhibition of hepatic de novo lipogenesis. The ApoE-knockout mouse study (Nutrients 2021) and earlier rodent work document 40–49% reductions. Human evidence is limited and carrot juice alone did not affect triglycerides.

Casein supplementation has been associated with reductions in postprandial triglyceride levels. One study in overweight individuals found casein reduced postprandial triglycerides by 22%. A meta-analysis of 65 RCTs covering milk proteins found improvements in triglycerides with high-quality protein supplementation in adults with metabolic diseases.

At least one RCT has reported that cassia cinnamon supplementation significantly lowered serum triglycerides in people with type 2 diabetes, and the 2021 systematic review/meta-analysis specifically targeted triglycerides as an outcome in T2DM patients. Results across trials are mixed, with some studies not finding an effect.

Catechins reduce serum triglycerides through enhanced lipid oxidation and reduced hepatic VLDL synthesis. A clinical trial found 8 weeks of EGCG supplementation produced significant reductions in fasting plasma triglyceride levels. Meta-analyses of RCTs also support lipid-lowering effects.

Animal studies consistently show that cowpea consumption reduces blood triglyceride concentrations. Isolated cowpea sprout proteins decreased triglycerides significantly in diabetic rats. Fermented and non-fermented V. unguiculata both positively affected plasma triglyceride levels in vivo.

A 2025 meta-analysis of 10 RCTs demonstrated that celery preparations significantly reduced triglyceride levels (SMD: −1.18; 95% CI: −1.45 to −0.91; p<0.001). A 2025 clinical trial in metabolic syndrome patients also confirmed significant TG reduction at 75 mg seed extract twice daily for 12 weeks.

Chen Pi's polymethoxylated flavones reduce serum triglycerides via PPARγ-LPL/ATGL and FXR-HL pathways. A 2023 hesperidin meta-analysis and a dedicated RCT with Chen Pi fermented enzyme drink both show significant TG reductions in dyslipidaemic subjects.

Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica) are rich in ALA (omega-3), soluble fiber, and polyphenols. Meta-analyses of chia seed supplementation show significant TG reductions in dyslipidemic populations. Multiple RCTs confirm TG-lowering, particularly in metabolic syndrome patients.

Inulin-type fructans from chicory have shown significant triglyceride-lowering effects in diabetic populations across multiple RCTs. A meta-analysis of 33 RCTs found ITF supplementation significantly decreased triglycerides (−0.21 mmol/L) in diabetic subjects, though effects are not consistent in normolipidemic individuals.

A 2024 meta-analysis of 29 RCTs found that Salvia miltiorrhiza combined with statin therapy significantly reduced triglyceride levels compared to statins alone. Traditional use for hyperlipidemia and blood hyperviscosity aligns with this lipid-lowering activity.

Chlorella, a single-celled green microalga rich in chlorophyll, carotenoids, and omega-3 fatty acids, has been shown in RCTs and a meta-analysis to reduce serum triglycerides in hyperlipidemic patients. Its lipid-lowering effects are attributed to its bioactive compounds including ALA, chlorophyllin, and fiber.

A 4-week prospective clinical trial in metabolic syndrome patients found that standardised chokeberry extract significantly reduced triglycerides specifically in diabetic subgroups. An additional clinical trial found triglycerides and LDL-C were reduced after 4 weeks of aronia juice consumption in hypertensive patients. Evidence is present but limited to specific subpopulations.

Chromium supplementation has been evaluated for effects on serum triglycerides in multiple meta-analyses with conflicting results. A 2021 meta-analysis of 24 RCTs in T2DM patients found a small but statistically significant reduction in triglycerides, while an umbrella meta-analysis of eight prior meta-analyses (2022) found no significant overall effect. Examine.com concludes chromium does not appear to affect triglycerides.

Chromium, particularly in the form of chromium picolinate, has been studied in multiple RCTs for effects on lipid profiles including triglycerides in patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Meta-analyses show modest but significant TG reductions, particularly in insulin-resistant individuals.

Chrysanthemum extracts and isolated flavonoids consistently lower triglycerides in multiple animal models of hyperlipidemia and fatty liver. A 2025 Scientific Reports mouse study and a separate PMC rat study both demonstrated significant TG reductions, with mechanisms including enhanced hepatic lipase activity and PPARα pathway activation.

Chrysin reduces elevated triglycerides in animal models of hyperlipidemia. In Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic mice, oral chrysin at 10 mg/kg partly prevented triglyceride elevation. Studies also show chrysin decreases lipid synthesis and increases lipid metabolism. All evidence is animal-based.

Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum/cassia) has been studied in multiple RCTs and meta-analyses for glycemic and lipid effects. Meta-analyses show that cinnamon supplementation significantly reduces fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides in T2D and metabolic syndrome patients. Cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid are primary active compounds.

Multiple human RCTs, including the Oben et al. 2006 (n=123) and 2007 (n=168) double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, demonstrated statistically significant reductions in serum triglycerides in overweight/obese subjects treated with CQR-300. The 8-week CQR-300 (300 mg/day) regimen consistently produced triglyceride-lowering effects alongside broader lipid improvements.

Human clinical evidence shows that citrus pectin supplementation can reduce serum triglycerides, particularly in overweight or dyslipidemic populations. A 4-week study of Citrus unshiu peel in 118 adults found statistically significant triglyceride reductions. Animal studies with citrus peel pectin confirm consistent triglyceride-lowering effects alongside total cholesterol reduction.

Clinical RCTs and a meta-analysis of hesperidin supplementation show statistically significant triglyceride reductions in human subjects. A 6-month RCT in prediabetic patients using a C. sinensis hesperidin-containing supplement found significant triglyceride decline versus placebo. Multiple supporting trials and a systematic review confirm this effect.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a naturally occurring trans-fatty acid from dairy and meat with evidence for modest TG reduction in some clinical trials, though results are inconsistent across meta-analyses. PPAR-alpha activation and improved insulin sensitivity are proposed mechanisms.

Several RCTs and meta-analyses support a modest triglyceride-lowering effect of cocoa, particularly in individuals with metabolic syndrome or diabetes. A 2025 meta-analysis of 10 RCTs in metabolic syndrome patients found a significant reduction of −0.21 mmol/L. Results in general populations are less consistent.

Cod liver oil reliably lowers serum triglycerides, the most robust and consistent lipid effect documented for marine oils. The mechanism involves reduced hepatic VLDL synthesis. Studies show reductions of 15–30% at typical therapeutic doses.

RCT evidence with CGA-rich green coffee extracts shows significant reductions in triglycerides. A Frontiers in Nutrition RCT (2023) in type 2 diabetics found GCE reduced triglyceride levels (−49.7 vs. −4.40 mg/dL, p=0.02) and improved TG/HDL ratio versus placebo. Chlorogenic acid retards intestinal fat absorption and reduces hepatic triglyceride synthesis.

Multiple animal studies consistently show coix seed extracts lower serum triglyceride levels in hyperlipidemia and high-fat diet models. Human evidence is limited to a small job's tears yogurt RCT showing favorable HDL changes.

Multiple human clinical trials have examined guggulipid from Commiphora mukul for triglyceride lowering, with some studies showing significant reductions (12–16.8%) and others showing no effect. Evidence is mixed but human trial data exists.

Multiple clinical trials and a meta-analysis confirm that berberine from Coptis chinensis significantly reduces serum triglycerides in dyslipidemic and T2DM patients. Effect sizes include reductions of 22–35% in early trials and a meta-analytic mean reduction of ~0.28 mmol/L. Mechanisms include AMPK activation and enhanced lipoprotein lipase activity.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been evaluated in meta-analyses for effects on lipid profiles including triglycerides. An umbrella review of meta-analyses (2024) found CoQ10 may have an effect on TG, though results are inconsistent. Strongest evidence is in populations with diabetes or metabolic disorders.

Cordyceps extracts reduce serum and hepatic triglyceride concentrations in multiple animal models of hyperlipidemia and fatty liver disease. In high-fat-diet rats, Cordyceps sinensis biomass supplementation decreased plasma triglycerides alongside LDL and cholesterol. Similar findings were observed in NAFLD mouse models with C. militaris. Human evidence specific to triglyceride reduction is limited to indirect or combined-intervention data.

A meta-analysis of RCTs in angina patients found corn silk decoction significantly reduced triglycerides alongside other lipid fractions. Animal studies corroborate TG-lowering effects through modulation of hepatic lipid metabolism genes. Clinical data are constrained by small trial numbers and methodological limitations.

Animal studies show corn silk extract significantly reduces serum triglycerides alongside total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, while raising HDL. A study found decreases in triglycerides of up to 67% at 150 mg/kg in hyperlipidemic rats. These effects are attributed to flavonoids and polysaccharides.

Clinical trials show CSO consumption lowers fasting and postprandial triglycerides compared to olive oil. The 5-day RCT in healthy men found triglycerides were significantly reduced after CSO diet enrichment. The 8-week RCT in hypercholesterolemic adults showed CSO protected against postprandial triglyceride rises following a high-saturated-fat meal challenge, while olive oil did not. ANGPTL-3 and ANGPTL-4 modulation by CSO appears to mediate part of this effect.

A small RCT in older adults found 4 weeks of creatine monohydrate supplementation produced a significant improvement in fasting triglycerides, while having no effect on total cholesterol, LDL, or HDL. However, a 2026 systematic review and meta-analysis of 8 RCTs found no statistically significant effect on triglycerides overall, with very low certainty of evidence.

Clinical studies show cumin can reduce triglycerides, particularly in subjects with elevated baseline levels. A 2025 meta-analysis (9 RCTs) found a significant TG reduction (SMD: −0.58; p=0.044), and a 2021 meta-analysis confirmed TG improvement after bias adjustment.

Curcumin, the principal bioactive polyphenol in turmeric, has been shown in multiple meta-analyses of RCTs to significantly reduce serum triglycerides. One meta-analysis found TG reductions of −0.57 mmol/L; another in NAFLD patients found TG decreased by −0.49 mmol/L vs. placebo. Bioavailability-enhanced formulations show stronger effects.

WebMD and clinical review sources cite limited human research suggesting blackcurrant may lower triglyceride levels. Animal model RCTs confirm blackcurrant juice reduces serum triglycerides in metabolic syndrome models. Anthocyanin meta-analysis data show mixed results for triglycerides in RCTs.

In patients with NAFLD and NASH, d-alpha tocopherol has demonstrated significant reductions in intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation by suppressing de novo lipogenesis, as shown in mechanistic human trials. Effects on circulating triglycerides are secondary and variable.

Preliminary human data cited in the Alternative Medicine Review monograph report that D-glucarate reduced triglycerides by up to 43%. The proposed mechanism involves beta-glucuronidase inhibition forcing bile acid excretion, which alters lipid metabolism in the liver. Evidence is preliminary and large-scale RCTs are absent.

Daidzin in animal models reduces serum triglycerides, and human cross-sectional data link efficient daidzin metabolism (equol-producer phenotype) with lower triglycerides in postmenopausal women. Direct clinical RCT evidence for isolated daidzin on triglycerides is lacking.

DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is a marine omega-3 fatty acid with well-established triglyceride-lowering effects. Combined with EPA, DHA at doses of 2–4 g/day produces clinically meaningful TG reductions in both hypertriglyceridemic and diabetic patients. It is a primary component of FDA-approved prescription omega-3 drugs.

A randomized double-blind study found that DHEA replacement at 50 mg/day in elderly men and women for one year reduced plasma triglycerides, alongside improvements in insulin resistance and inflammatory cytokines. This is supported by lipid metabolism studies showing DHEA affects lipoprotein particle composition.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid from marine sources with well-established triglyceride-lowering effects. At therapeutic doses (2–4 g/day combined EPA+DHA), DHA contributes to 20–50% TG reductions confirmed in multiple RCTs and FDA-approved combination omega-3 drugs.

RBC DPA levels are inversely and independently associated with fasting triglyceride concentrations in human studies, and this association is replicated across two independent cohorts. DPA appears to influence lipid metabolism in ways broadly similar to EPA, including effects on hepatic lipid processing. Animal data show highly purified DPA reduces triglycerides in diabetic mouse models.

Two clinical trials found EGCG significantly reduced fasting plasma triglyceride levels in obese subjects after 8 weeks of supplementation. A meta-analysis confirmed that green tea extract supplementation for more than 8 weeks at doses exceeding 800 mg/day significantly reduced serum triglyceride concentrations in type 2 diabetes patients.

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is one of the most clinically validated omega-3 fatty acids for triglyceride reduction, with FDA-approved prescription formulations. At 2–4 g/day, EPA consistently reduces triglycerides by 20–50% in clinical trials including large Phase III studies.

In animal studies, LCMUFA-rich marine oils in which eicosenoic acid is a key constituent have been shown to suppress lipogenesis and reduce blood lipid levels including triglycerides. At the cellular level, gondoic acid has been associated with modulation of lipid metabolism pathways. No human clinical data specifically on eicosenoic acid and triglycerides exists.

Multiple preclinical studies confirm E. littorale and swertiamarin significantly reduce serum and tissue triglycerides in hyperlipidaemic and diabetic animal models. The human trial in 84 T2D patients reported improved lipid profile including triglyceride reduction. Swertiamarin's inhibition of SREBP-1c and HMG-CoA reductase are among the implicated mechanisms.

EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) is a marine omega-3 fatty acid that powerfully reduces serum triglycerides. Prescription-strength pure EPA (icosapentaenoic acid; Vascepa) is FDA-approved for hypertriglyceridemia. Multiple RCTs confirm significant TG reductions at 2–4 g/day.

Eucommia leaf extract consistently reduces plasma triglycerides in multiple rodent models of hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome. Identified active components include asperuloside, geniposidic acid, and quercetin. Sympathetic nervous system activation and enhanced hepatic β-oxidation are proposed mechanisms. Clinical evidence remains preclinical.

GLA from EPO is reported to lower serum triglycerides and raise HDL in clinical and biochemical studies. An RCT in isotretinoin-treated patients found EPO significantly reduced TG levels compared to isotretinoin alone. Mechanistic and animal model data also support a TG-lowering effect.

Fennel seed extracts consistently reduce triglyceride levels in dyslipidemic animal models via antioxidant and lipid metabolism pathways. No human clinical trial data exist for fennel-specific triglyceride reduction.

Fenugreek seeds have documented lipid-lowering effects including significant triglyceride reduction in multiple clinical trials. Meta-analyses confirm TG-lowering alongside cholesterol and glucose benefits, particularly in diabetic or prediabetic individuals. Used traditionally in Ayurvedic medicine for metabolic conditions.

Animal studies in diabetic rat models demonstrate that F. asafoetida oleo-gum-resin extract significantly reduces plasma triglycerides alongside total cholesterol and LDL-C. A PCOS human RCT measured triglycerides as a secondary outcome with asafoetida treatment. Ferulic acid, a key constituent, reduced triglycerides by 12.1% in a human RCT.

In the pivotal human RCT (Bumrungpert et al., 2018), 1 g/day ferulic acid for six weeks reduced triglycerides by 12.1% (p=0.049) versus placebo in hyperlipidemic adults. Animal studies at 25–50 mg/kg/day also show significant triglyceride reductions, linked to downregulation of lipogenic gene expression and upregulation of hepatic fatty acid oxidation pathways.

Fish oil (EPA+DHA) is one of the most robustly studied supplements for triglyceride reduction. Multiple meta-analyses and large RCTs confirm it can lower fasting triglycerides by 20–50% at therapeutic doses (≥2–4 g EPA+DHA/day). The American Heart Association recognizes its efficacy. The FDA has approved prescription omega-3 formulations for hypertriglyceridemia.

Flaxseed supplementation has been shown in multiple meta-analyses of RCTs to significantly reduce serum triglycerides. Its active components include ALA, lignans, and soluble fiber, each contributing to lipid-lowering effects. Whole flaxseed shows greater TG-lowering than flaxseed oil.

FOS supplementation has shown a significant reduction in triglycerides in diabetic populations in a meta-analysis of 33 RCTs, but not in healthy or overweight/obese adults. Animal models consistently demonstrate triglyceride lowering. Human evidence remains population-specific and modest.

Poria cocos triterpenoids and polysaccharides reduce serum triglycerides in preclinical dyslipidemia models. Triterpenoids reduce TG, LDL, and total cholesterol while increasing HDL in mice. Poria cocos oligosaccharides inhibit lipid accumulation in HFD-induced dyslipidemia, and P. cocos water extract reduced TG in a nephrotic syndrome rat model.

Clinical studies show gamma oryzanol supplementation reduces serum triglyceride levels in hyperlipidemic patients. A review of trials suggests roughly 15% triglyceride reduction at 300 mg/day. Animal models show even larger effects. The mechanism involves PPAR-α activation and modulation of lipid metabolism pathways.

Animal models consistently show Ganoderma lucidum extract reduces serum triglycerides. Some earlier human trials reported triglyceride reductions, but larger RCTs and a 2025 meta-analysis found no significant overall effect. Mechanistic data include inhibition of VLDL secretion and lipid accumulation in the liver.

Both human and animal evidence indicate chickpea consumption reduces serum triglycerides. The soluble fiber and polyunsaturated fatty acid content are the primary mediators. UConn Extension, citing clinical data, notes chickpeas help control triglyceride levels, and lipid-lowering effects have been documented across multiple pulse meta-analyses.

Geniposide and crocin from Gardenia jasminoides lower serum and hepatic triglycerides in multiple animal models. Geniposide improved serum triglyceride levels in high-sugar-diet rats, while crocin inhibits pancreatic lipase to reduce dietary fat absorption. Gardenia extract reduced hepatic triglyceride content in HFD mice.

A glycoprotein from Gardenia jasminoides reduced plasma triglycerides in mice (Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 2006). Geniposide has been confirmed to regulate blood lipids in multiple preclinical studies, and gardenia extract reduced triglycerides and lipid peroxidation in high-fat diet rodent metabolic models. Evidence is preclinical.

Garlic supplementation has been shown in a 2023 meta-analysis of 19 RCTs (n=999) to significantly reduce triglycerides (SMD = −0.66; 95% CI: −1.23 to −0.09) in metabolic syndrome patients. Active compounds include allicin, alliin, and diallyl sulfides. Traditional use spans Ayurvedic, Chinese, and Mediterranean medicine for cardiovascular health.

Garlic bulb, as a whole food or supplement, has scientific evidence from a 2023 meta-analysis of 19 RCTs showing significant triglyceride reduction in metabolic syndrome patients. Its bioactive sulfur compounds (allicin, alliin) inhibit hepatic lipid synthesis and reduce VLDL production.

Genistein, the primary isoflavone aglycone in soy, has been shown in RCTs and meta-analyses to reduce triglycerides, particularly in postmenopausal women. It acts via ERβ and PPAR-alpha activation to reduce hepatic lipogenesis and increase fatty acid oxidation.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has been studied in multiple RCTs and a meta-analysis for lipid-lowering effects including triglyceride reduction in diabetic and metabolic syndrome patients. Gingerols and shogaols modulate lipid metabolism via PPAR activation and inhibition of cholesterol synthesis.

Ginseng (Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius) and its ginsenosides have been studied in multiple RCTs for lipid-lowering effects including triglyceride reduction. Meta-analyses show modest but significant TG reductions, particularly in T2D and metabolic syndrome patients.

Ginsenosides are the primary bioactive saponins of Panax ginseng, with evidence for lipid-modulating effects including triglyceride reduction. They activate PPAR receptors, inhibit hepatic fatty acid synthesis, and improve insulin sensitivity, collectively reducing TG in clinical and preclinical studies.

Clinical trials have found GLA supplementation can significantly lower plasma triglyceride levels. A 4-month study in 12 hyperlipidemic patients receiving 3 g/day of GLA-enriched linoleic/GLA oil showed a 48% reduction in plasma triglycerides (p<0.001). Two small trials in 31 people also showed GLA lowered triglycerides, LDL, and total cholesterol.

Glucomannan, a viscous soluble fiber from Konjac root, has been shown in a meta-analysis of 14 RCTs (n=531 patients) to significantly reduce LDL-C and triglycerides. Unlike other soluble fibers, its TG-lowering is particularly notable, attributed to its high viscosity and modulation of hepatic lipoprotein metabolism.

A double-blind RCT in 85 Korean postmenopausal women found that 70 mg/day soy isoflavone supplementation for 12 weeks significantly reduced triglyceride levels compared to placebo. Glycitin is a constituent of the isoflavone preparations used. Hypolipidemic effects including TG modulation are attributed to glycitin in comprehensive reviews.

Multiple meta-analyses confirm that daily LBP supplementation significantly reduces serum triglyceride levels. Animal models show LBP inhibits lipogenic gene expression (fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase) to lower circulating TG. Human evidence includes a clinical study in metabolic syndrome patients showing improved lipid profile after 45 days.

Clinical RCTs consistently show amla supplementation significantly reduces serum triglycerides. The landmark placebo-controlled trial in 98 dyslipidemic patients found triglycerides fell by 89.17 mg/dL from baseline, with all reductions statistically significant versus placebo.

Red grapefruit has demonstrated significant triglyceride-lowering effects in a controlled human trial of hyperlipidemic coronary patients. NHANES data show grapefruit consumers have significantly lower triglycerides than non-consumers. The effect appears stronger for red versus blond grapefruit and may involve antioxidants and currently unidentified bioactive compounds.

Green chiretta has demonstrated hypotriglyceridaemic effects in preclinical studies. In streptozotocin-diabetic rats, ethanolic extract of A. paniculata significantly reduced serum triglycerides in a dose-dependent manner, an effect noted to be beneficial in the diabetic state. Human clinical data are limited.

Green tea and its primary catechin EGCG have been shown in meta-analyses to significantly reduce serum triglycerides. A meta-analysis of RCTs found green tea extract supplementation modestly but significantly reduced TG levels alongside total cholesterol and LDL. Green tea is widely used in East Asian traditional medicine for metabolic health.

Human and animal data indicate guarana reduces serum triglycerides. A human supplementation study in overweight subjects showed guarana significantly lowered triglycerides and oxidative biomarkers independent of weight loss. Animal studies confirm reductions in triglycerides in hyperlipidemic and obese models. The 2011 elderly population epidemiological study associated guarana consumption with better lipid profiles.

Multiple animal studies and at least one clinical observation demonstrate that hawthorn extracts significantly reduce serum triglyceride levels. Hawthorn total flavonoids reduce TG in HFD-induced hyperlipidemic models, and clinical data showed TG reduction when hawthorn was combined with metformin in prediabetic patients. The AMPK-SREBP-1c axis is the leading proposed mechanism.

Hesperidin/hesperetin supplementation has demonstrated significant triglyceride-lowering effects in both human RCTs and animal studies. A 12-week double-blind RCT in post-CABG patients showed significant reductions in serum triglycerides at 200 mg/day hesperidin. Meta-analytic evidence also supports this effect.

Clinical RCTs and meta-analyses demonstrate that hesperidin significantly reduces serum triglyceride (TG) levels. A 2024 meta-analysis of nine RCTs found significant TG reduction (p=0.03). A randomized double-blind trial in 80 post-coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients showed 200 mg/day hesperidin for 12 weeks significantly reduced TG vs. placebo. Mechanistically, hesperidin activates LPL and reduces hepatic TG synthesis.

Several RCTs and a 2022 meta-analysis found that Hibiscus sabdariffa at doses of 500–1000 mg/day produced improvements in lipid profiles including triglycerides in adults. An 8-week RCT of a hibiscus-inulin formulation significantly reduced the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index versus placebo. Results across RCTs are mixed for isolated triglyceride lowering.

In a high-fat diet mouse model, HMRlignan (TEP form) reduced serum triglycerides by approximately 15%. The metabolites enterolactone and enterodiol also reduced TAG uptake in hepatoma cells in vitro by ~10%. These findings are preclinical only, with no human RCT data on triglyceride endpoints.

Clinical trials show that honey consumption reduces serum triglycerides, particularly in individuals with elevated baseline values. The Al-Waili RCT (n=55) found 70 g/day honey for 30 days reduced triglycerides by 11% in normal individuals and 19% in those with elevated levels versus sucrose. GRADE-assessed meta-analyses confirm honey's modest triglyceride-lowering effect.

RCT meta-analyses confirm that Vaccinium anthocyanin supplementation produces modest but statistically significant reductions in serum triglycerides. Huckleberry's anthocyanin composition is consistent with the Vaccinium genus compounds responsible for these effects. A dedicated Vaccinium RCT confirmed triglyceride-lowering in hyperlipidemic patients.

Because HCA inhibits ATP-citrate lyase, it directly curtails the acetyl-CoA supply for hepatic triglyceride synthesis. Human clinical trials and a 2024 meta-analysis of RCTs have reported modest but statistically significant reductions in serum triglycerides with HCA supplementation.

Bael leaf extracts have been shown to significantly reduce serum and cardiac tissue triglyceride levels in hyperlipidemic and myocardial infarction animal models. Studies demonstrate that bael restores triglyceride homeostasis disrupted by ISO-induced cardiac stress and streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Clinical trials in type 2 diabetic patients have measured triglycerides as an outcome. Azadmehr et al. (2014, RCT) found anti-hyperlipidaemic effects including triglycerides. A mixed herbal formulation RCT including Boswellia showed significantly lower triglycerides vs. placebo. However, the Mehrzadi et al. 2018 RCT found no significant between-group difference in triglycerides.

Several clinical studies document that gum arabic supplementation reduces serum triglycerides in diabetic and renal failure patients. The systematic review of 29 clinical trials confirmed lipid profile changes including triglycerides. A cross-sectional study in type 2 diabetics specifically reported triglyceride reductions.

D-chiro-inositol has demonstrated specific efficacy in reducing triglyceride concentrations in clinical trials, primarily in PCOS populations. The 2024 JCEM meta-analysis supporting the 2023 International PCOS Guidelines found DCI significantly reduced triglycerides versus placebo (MD −31.95 mg/dL). The myo-inositol/D-chiro-inositol combination also improved triglycerides alongside LDL and HDL cholesterol.

Clinical trials show that IHN can reduce serum triglycerides, particularly VLDL-triglycerides, in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia. A 2019 Circulation abstract found a significant triglyceride reduction (146.10 to 119.08 mg/dL, p<0.001) in 43 dyslipidemic patients after 12 weeks. Earlier combination trials reported VLDL-triglyceride reductions of 34–77% depending on hyperlipoproteinemia type. A 2018 meta-analysis of 14 RCTs on inositol supplementation also confirmed significant triglyceride lowering.

A large meta-analysis of 55 RCTs found ITF supplementation produces a statistically significant but modest reduction in serum triglycerides, particularly in those with dyslipidemias. Effects are stronger in diabetic and dyslipidemic populations than in normolipidemic individuals. The mechanism involves altered hepatic lipogenesis via SCFAs and bile acid metabolism.

IMO supplementation has been shown to reduce fasting triglyceride levels in hemodialysis patients and in hyperlipidemic subjects consuming IMO-fortified foods. Animal studies corroborate reduced hepatic lipid accumulation. SCFA production from IMO fermentation may inhibit hepatic triglyceride synthesis.

Jiaogulan has been shown to lower serum triglycerides in multiple studies, achieving this by improving hepatic fat metabolism and redirecting carbohydrates toward muscle energy rather than triglyceride synthesis. A 2022 systematic review of 22 RCTs in 2,407 dyslipidemia patients supports its lipid-lowering efficacy.

An RCT in T2D patients (n=48, 12 weeks, 30 g/day dried jujube) reported a significant ~14% reduction in serum triglycerides versus baseline and versus control. Animal studies show consistent lipid-lowering effects. A meta-analysis of RCTs found generally favorable TG trends but noted the limited number of qualifying trials.

Animal studies consistently show kale supplementation reduces plasma triglycerides, and the Kyushu University kale powder trial found improved overall lipid metabolism including triglycerides in metabolic syndrome subjects. Sulforaphane analogue research implicates the Nrf2/PPARα axis in triglyceride reduction. Clinical evidence is preliminary but mechanistically grounded.

Kelp-derived fucoidan and alginate have shown triglyceride-lowering effects in animal and some clinical studies. PMC data confirm fucoidan from Laminaria japonica reduced total cholesterol and triglycerides in high-fat-fed mice. Preclinical and limited clinical trial data support this effect, though large human RCTs are lacking.

WKBE supplementation has been shown in clinical studies to lower serum triglyceride levels alongside total cholesterol. Preclinical high-fat diet models corroborate reductions in serum triglycerides with kidney bean supplementation.

A 2025 meta-analysis of 7 RCTs (n=337) published in Clinical and Experimental Medicine found resveratrol significantly reduced triglycerides, though it showed no significant effects on total cholesterol, LDL, or HDL. Emodin from knotweed promotes lipid metabolism via AMPK and PPAR pathways. Polydatin from PC demonstrated hypolipidemic activity in clinical trials.

Krill oil delivers EPA and DHA in phospholipid form, which may offer enhanced bioavailability compared to standard fish oil. Clinical studies and a systematic review/meta-analysis support its ability to reduce plasma triglycerides in humans, consistent with the known omega-3 triglyceride-lowering mechanism.

Puerarin has been shown in animal models to reduce hepatic and serum triglyceride levels, and a 2026 preclinical systematic review confirmed significant triglyceride-lowering effects across multiple NAFLD animal studies. Clinical data in humans show puerarin as part of diabetes management reduces lipid parameters. Traditional use does not specifically address triglycerides.

A 2019 meta-analysis of 12 RCTs demonstrated that L-arginine supplementation leads to a significant reduction in serum triglyceride (TAG) levels, while not significantly affecting total cholesterol, LDL, or HDL. A separate meta-analysis of 13 trials confirmed a borderline significant triglyceride-lowering effect (WMD: −6.03 mg/dL; P=0.04). Higher doses (≥8 g/day) appear most effective.

L-carnitine supplementation has been shown to modestly reduce triglyceride levels in dyslipidemic and diabetic populations, though some meta-analyses show inconsistent results. A WebMD clinical review states oral or IV L-carnitine improves cholesterol and triglyceride levels by a small amount. A NIH ODS review found mixed triglyceride effects.

An RCT in T2D patients found that 1 g/day L-carnosine for 12 weeks significantly attenuated serum triglycerides alongside fasting glucose and AGEs. A meta-analysis of carnosine RCTs included triglycerides as an endpoint. Human evidence is limited to a small number of trials in metabolic disease populations.

A PubMed review of glycine's effects on metabolic syndrome components concludes that glycine supplementation improves hyperlipidemia, including elevated triglycerides, alongside other components of metabolic syndrome. Lower plasma glycine is consistently found in metabolic syndrome patients, and supplementation partially reverses this defect.

A randomized pilot trial (n=36 overweight adults, 12 weeks) found that L. bulgaricus supplementation at 10^8 CFU/day produced a notable decrease in blood triglyceride (TG) levels and reduced TG proportions in large VLDL and HDL fractions, despite no significant effect on body weight or BMI.

Animal model studies show multiple L. gasseri strains reduce triglyceride levels in high-fat diet contexts, and a human study using L. gasseri CHO-220 combined with inulin reported reductions in total cholesterol and LDL in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Direct evidence for triglyceride lowering by L. gasseri monotherapy in large human RCTs is still limited.

Multiple RCTs and meta-analyses document significant triglyceride reductions with L. plantarum supplementation. A proprietary three-strain combination showed reductions of 29.1 vs. 4.1 mg/dL compared to placebo in hypercholesterolemic adults.

The same RCT demonstrating cholesterol-lowering effects of L. salivarius UBL S22 also found significant triglyceride reductions after 6 weeks versus placebo in 45 healthy volunteers. Both the probiotic-alone and synbiotic groups showed significant (P < .05) triglyceride decreases.

Soy lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) has been used as a lipid-lowering supplement with evidence from clinical studies for modest triglyceride reduction via enhanced VLDL-TG processing and transport. It is listed among natural treatments for high cholesterol by evidence-based complementary medicine databases.

Citrus extracts, including lemon-derived flavonoids, have clinically demonstrated triglyceride-lowering effects. A double-blind RCT in hypercholesterolemic subjects found citrus extract plus vitamin C significantly lowered triglycerides versus placebo. A citrus flavonoid RCT showed 24–34% reductions in triglycerides over 12 weeks.

A 2024 meta-analysis of 5 RCTs (n=302) found that lemon balm supplementation significantly lowers triglycerides. Earlier clinical trials and a 2020 meta-analysis showed mixed results for triglycerides alone, but the more recent and larger synthesis supports a significant effect. Mechanistic data from animal studies suggest inhibition of SREBP-1c-dependent fatty acid synthesis.

Lemongrass extract and essential oil have repeatedly been shown to reduce triglycerides in animal diabetes and metabolic models. Studies showed significant decreases in triglyceride levels at dosages of 400–800 mg alongside reductions in glucose and insulin. The effect is corroborated across multiple independent animal studies, though human RCTs are absent.

Multiple preclinical studies show LEM and L. edodes mycelial preparations significantly reduce serum triglycerides, with reductions up to 44.5% in diabetic rat models. The active compound eritadenine appears to suppress lipid synthesis and alter hepatic fatty acid metabolism. Human clinical evidence is currently lacking.

Studies of flax lignan supplementation during exercise training in individuals aged 50+ showed reductions in triacylglycerols as part of metabolic syndrome risk factor improvements. Sesamin supplement trials also indicated possible lipid-lowering associations including triglycerides. Evidence comes primarily from flaxseed-based trials where lignans are one of multiple active components.

Clinical evidence from citrus trials, including one RCT using lime and cumin capsules, shows significant triglyceride reductions. A meta-analysis of citrus RCTs found an average triglyceride reduction of ~62 mg/dL. Lime's flavonoids and limonoids are the proposed active components.

Animal studies consistently demonstrate D-limonene lowers serum triglycerides in high-fat diet and obese rodent models, alongside reductions in LDL cholesterol and improvements in HDL. A 2025 PMC review confirmed that D-limonene consistently improves lipid profiles by decreasing LDL and triglycerides while raising HDL across multiple diabetic animal models. No human clinical trials have specifically examined triglyceride-lowering effects.

Animal studies consistently show Lion's Mane extracts lower serum triglycerides. A polysaccharide fraction reduced triglycerides by 34.3% in a hyperlipidemic animal model. A diabetic rat model also showed improved triglyceride levels with 28-day aqueous extract treatment. Human-specific triglyceride data remain absent.

Lotus plant extracts including lotus seed-related preparations consistently reduce serum triglycerides in animal models of obesity and dyslipidemia. A clinical reference reports triglyceride reductions with lotus leaf water extract in hyperlipidemia patients. Lotus seed-specific human trials are absent.

Luteolin-containing nutraceuticals reduced triglycerides in human RCT subjects, and preclinical data show luteolin modulates hepatic triglyceride synthesis via PPAR and SREBP pathways. Animal evidence shows mixed triglyceride effects depending on dose and model.

A 12-week RCT in overweight/obese women found that oligonol (lychee-derived polyphenol) supplementation produced lower triglyceride levels compared to placebo. Multiple in vitro and animal studies further support lychee extracts' hypolipidemic properties, including regulation of fat metabolism. This makes triglyceride reduction one of the better-evidenced clinical endpoints for lychee-derived supplements.

Meta-analyses of tree nut RCTs including macadamia nuts show reductions in fasting triglycerides, particularly in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia. A meta-analysis of 47 RCTs found ~2 oz/day of tree nuts decreased triglycerides by 0.06 mmol/L over ~8 weeks in metabolic syndrome subjects. However, controlled feeding trials specific to macadamia nuts did not consistently show triglyceride-lowering effects.

The relationship between magnesium supplementation and triglycerides is clinically studied but results are mixed. Some systematic reviews report a trend toward triglyceride reduction with magnesium, particularly in diabetic or hypomagnesemic populations, while a 2017 meta-analysis of RCTs found no statistically significant effect on triglyceride concentrations. Mechanistically, magnesium influences lipid-metabolizing enzymes including lipoprotein lipase and HMG-CoA reductase.

Multiple preclinical studies in hyperlipidemic and diabetic animal models demonstrate maitake supplementation significantly reduces serum triglycerides. A PMC systematic review on mushroom consumption found limited experimental evidence supporting triglyceride reduction. Human-specific RCT data for maitake and triglycerides are sparse.

Human trial evidence for mango's effect on triglycerides is mixed. A 12-week study in overweight/obese adults found that mango consumption prevented the significant triglyceride rise seen in the low-fat cookie control group. However, several other RCTs found no significant change in triglycerides with mango intake.

Clinical RCTs using a mangosteen/Sphaeranthus indicus combination in obese subjects found significant reductions in serum triglycerides. Animal studies consistently show mangosteen extract lowers triglycerides via AMPK activation and pancreatic lipase inhibition. A human prospective study in cardiovascular-risk patients provided supporting biomarker evidence.

In a high-fat diet hepatosteatosis rat model, both doses of hydroalcoholic marjoram extract (150 and 450 mg/kg/day) produced statistically significant reductions in serum triglycerides compared to untreated high-fat diet controls (P<0.001).

A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials (Journal of Nutrition, 2021) found that MCT oil (C6–C10) does not significantly affect total cholesterol or LDL but causes a small increase in serum triglyceride concentration compared to unsaturated fat controls. The effect on triglycerides is context-dependent: excess MCT consumed beyond caloric needs can increase de novo hepatic lipogenesis and raise fasting plasma triglycerides.

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and its active complex silymarin have been studied in RCTs and meta-analyses for lipid effects including triglyceride reduction, particularly in patients with fatty liver disease (NAFLD/NASH) and T2D. The combination of berberine with silymarin shows significant TG reduction in multiple RCTs.

A meta-analysis of 19 studies demonstrated a 9.5% reduction in triacylglycerol levels with millet consumption over as little as 21 days to 4 months. Four studies showed triglyceride levels normalizing to below 150 mg/dL. These effects are attributed to dietary fiber, PUFAs, and phytosterol content of millet seeds.

Momordica charantia has been evaluated for triglyceride-lowering effects in both animal models and human RCTs. Preclinical studies consistently show TG reduction; RCT data in humans are inconsistent and the Frontiers in Nutrition meta-analysis did not find a statistically significant effect. Animal and in vitro evidence is robust.

The same randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial (n=132 heavy smokers) that documented cholesterol-lowering effects of M. citrifolia noni juice also found significant triglyceride reductions. Animal models consistently confirm triglyceride-lowering activity across fruit, leaf, and root extracts.

Human RCTs demonstrate that Morus preparations significantly reduce serum triglycerides. A 2024 randomised crossover clinical trial in obese individuals found concentrated mulberry drink significantly lowered triglycerides versus placebo. Meta-analysis data corroborate this benefit.

Human RCT evidence and a pooled meta-analysis show mulberry supplementation significantly reduces serum triglycerides. A crossover trial in obese adults found significant triglyceride reduction vs. placebo. The 2025 meta-analysis (15 RCTs) reported a significant pooled TG-lowering effect.

Animal studies with mustard seed phytosterol extracts demonstrate significant reductions in serum triglycerides. The omega-3 fatty acids and plant sterols in mustard seeds mechanistically support triglyceride lowering. The Cardiff pre-diabetic human pilot and animal pharmacology suggest clinical relevance, though dedicated human RCTs for triglycerides specifically are lacking.

TC aqueous extract significantly reduced serum triglyceride levels in diabetic animal models. Preclinical data show dose-dependent reduction at 1,000 mg/kg body weight, with TG levels falling from 216 to 135 mg/dL in diabetic rats.

Naringin and naringin-containing bergamot extracts reduce triglycerides in human clinical studies. A 6-month open-label trial with 80 hypercholesterolemic subjects found bergamot flavonoids (containing 37% naringin) reduced triglycerides from 159 to 133 mg/dL. A 237-subject 30-day study with naringin-containing bergamot extract also significantly decreased triglycerides.

Human RCT data on nattokinase and triglycerides are mixed and dose-dependent. A 2023 meta-analysis of six RCTs (n=546) found no statistically significant effect of nattokinase on triglyceride levels at low-to-moderate doses. However, a large clinical study (n=1,062) at 10,800 FU/day found a 15.3% reduction in triglycerides over 12 months, and a 90-day RCT in CAD patients found NK combined with red yeast rice reduced triglycerides by 0.39 mmol/L. NK is proposed to activate lipoprotein lipase, enhancing triglyceride catabolism.

Both RCTs measuring lipid profiles in T2DM and metabolic syndrome patients included triglyceride (TG) assessment; neem supplementation produced measurable reductions. Animal studies report up to 32% reduction in triglycerides with single-dose neem extract administration. Hypolipidaemic mechanisms include inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and interference with lipid absorption.

A human clinical study (n=10 healthy volunteers) using intravenous NMN (300 mg) found a significant reduction in blood triglyceride levels alongside increased NAD+ without adverse effects on blood cells or organ markers. Oral NMN trials have shown variable effects on lipid profiles in meta-analyses.

Nobiletin is a polymethoxylated flavone from citrus peel with evidence for triglyceride-lowering via PPAR-alpha activation and inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis. Animal and in vitro studies are strong; emerging clinical data supports its lipid-metabolic effects in humans, particularly from its presence in Bergamot and Chen Pi (aged tangerine peel).

Human trials and meta-analyses show nopal supplementation reduces serum triglycerides in individuals with metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia. A 2-month RCT (N=67) with a nopal-containing formula in metabolic syndrome subjects showed significant triglyceride reductions. A 2023 meta-analysis (N=1670) of ancestral Mexican foods reported significant triglyceride reductions. Short-term juice supplementation has also produced decreases in triglycerides.

Animal model studies show C. rotundus aqueous extracts significantly reduce blood triglyceride levels. The 2022 and 2025 human RCTs for weight management included lipid parameters as outcomes, with significant triglyceride reductions reported in treated groups versus placebo.

The evidence for oat β-glucan reducing triglycerides is mixed. A large meta-analysis of 126 studies found a small but statistically significant reduction in triglycerides with oat/barley β-glucan, while another meta-analysis of RCTs found no significant effect. Some individual studies show no change.

OA consistently reduces triglyceride levels in animal models of hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerosis. Effects occur alongside reductions in total cholesterol and LDL, and appear mediated through PPARγ and lipase activity modulation.

OEA, synthesised from oleic acid, is established to reduce serum triglycerides through PPAR-α activation. A 2025 systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs on OEA supplementation found significant triglyceride-lowering effects. High-oleic oil dietary interventions also show reductions in serum triglycerides compared to saturated fat diets.

OLE supplementation significantly reduces circulating triglycerides in human RCTs. A 2022 meta-analysis found OLE reduced triglycerides by a WMD of −9.51 mg/dL overall and by −14.42 mg/dL in hypertensive patients. These effects are consistent across subgroup analyses in normal-weight individuals and those with elevated baseline lipids.

Olive oil, a cornerstone of the Mediterranean diet, reduces triglycerides through its high MUFA content (oleic acid) and polyphenols. Multiple RCTs and meta-analyses confirm TG reduction with regular olive oil consumption. The PREDIMED trial (n=7,447) confirmed lipid benefits of olive oil in high-cardiovascular-risk individuals.

Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA from marine sources; ALA from plant sources) have strong scientific evidence for lowering triglycerides. Marine omega-3s at 2–4 g/day reduce serum triglycerides by 20–50% in clinical trials. This is recognized by the American Heart Association and multiple clinical guidelines.

Omega-6 PUFA, particularly linoleic acid substituting for carbohydrates or saturated fats, reduces triglyceride levels in controlled feeding trials. However, Cochrane meta-analyses of supplementation trials find that increasing omega-6 intake alone makes little or no independent difference to serum triglycerides compared to control diets. The triglyceride-lowering effect is context-dependent and weaker than that of omega-3 PUFAs.

Purified palmitoleic acid has been shown in at least one randomized placebo-controlled trial to reduce serum triglycerides. The Bernstein et al. (2014) RCT reported approximately 15% triglyceride reduction with 210 mg/day over 30 days in hyperlipidemic adults. Interventional studies using macadamia nut oil (a dietary omega-7 source) have also reported LDL reductions and HDL increases, though not all trials replicate these findings.

Diets enriched with oleic acid (omega-9) are associated with lower triglyceride levels compared to high-saturated-fat or high-refined-carbohydrate diets. OA reduces hepatic VLDL triglyceride secretion and promotes fatty acid oxidation. Evidence comes primarily from Mediterranean dietary intervention studies rather than isolated OA supplementation trials.

Meta-analysis of 10 RCTs found that onion supplementation did not significantly lower triglyceride levels overall, though individual studies show reductions in animal models and some human contexts. The experimental evidence in diabetic animal models is more consistently positive. The overall clinical picture for triglyceride lowering is mixed.

Multiple preclinical studies show that O. japonicus polysaccharides and oligosaccharides reduce serum triglyceride levels in diabetic animal models alongside their hypoglycemic effects. MDG-1 at 300 mg/kg significantly decreased triglycerides in KKAy diabetic mice over 12 weeks.

MDG-1 polysaccharide from ophiopogon root significantly reduced serum triglycerides in diabetic KKAy mice in a 12-week study. Oligosaccharides of O. japonicus have also shown hypolipidemic effects including triglyceride reduction in preclinical models. These are peer-reviewed animal findings without human clinical trial confirmation.

Orange-derived hesperidin and blood orange anthocyanins have been associated with reductions in serum triglycerides in pre-clinical models and some clinical studies. The 2019 hesperidin meta-analysis found no significant pooled effect on triglycerides, but animal and certain human data show triglyceride-lowering activity, particularly in metabolically compromised individuals.

Gamma-oryzanol from Oryza sativa rice bran has been shown to lower serum triglycerides in clinical and preclinical studies. Black rice extract, pigmented rice varieties, and rice bran oil have all demonstrated triglyceride-lowering effects in rodent models.

Human trials, including a 2020 systematic review of 8 studies, show that oyster mushroom intake reduces serum triglycerides. Reductions of 9–28% were observed across feeding periods, with partial reversal during washout. A dedicated GLP-1/IGT RCT found lower postprandial NEFA concentrations (a triglyceride-linked lipid marker) after oyster mushroom powder fortification.

Meta-analyses of clinical trials consistently find that palm oil consumption has no significant effect on serum triglyceride concentrations compared to both unsaturated fatty acids and trans fats. Palm TRF supplementation in animal models has also shown triglyceride-lowering effects, though robust human-specific triglyceride data from supplementation trials remain limited.

Palmitic acid is both a major constituent of circulating triglycerides and a driver of de novo lipogenesis-derived triglyceride production. Clinical studies show that diets enriched in palmitic acid can alter postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein profiles, increasing proatherogenic remnant particles. Palmitic acid's role in hepatic triglyceride accumulation underpins its central involvement in NAFLD pathogenesis.

Human RCTs and meta-analyses of macadamia/POA-rich supplement interventions consistently show significant reductions in serum triglycerides. A 30-day RCT with 220 mg/day purified POA produced a −30.2 mg/dL reduction in triglycerides versus placebo.

Pantethine is a derivative of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) used clinically to reduce plasma triglycerides and increase HDL cholesterol. Multiple clinical studies and a well-cited use as a pharmacological lipid agent support its TG-lowering efficacy via inhibition of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthesis.

In multiple animal models of hyperlipidemia, papaya extracts (seed, leaf, juice) significantly reduced serum triglycerides. A rat study with papaya leaf extract showed a significant reduction in triglyceride plasma concentrations at 0.75 and 1.5 g/100 mL doses. Proposed mechanisms include inhibition of lipid-hydrolyzing enzymes in the small intestine and AMPK activation.

Pea-derived bioactive peptides and pea protein isolate have been shown to reduce plasma triglycerides and VLDL in animal studies. A 2025 review confirmed triglyceride-lowering as part of pea's lipid-modulating profile. Human-specific RCT evidence is emerging.

Peach leaf extract and polyphenol-rich peach juice by-products significantly lowered serum triglycerides in multiple animal models. The hypolipidemic effect is attributed to phenolic compounds including chlorogenic acid and flavonols. Human evidence is absent.

Multiple RCTs and a meta-analysis of 9 studies demonstrate that peanut consumption reduces blood triglyceride levels. The effect is greater in healthy subjects than in those at high metabolic risk. Reductions are most consistent with regular peanuts and peanut butter rather than high-oleic variants.

Animal studies using pear pomace soluble dietary fiber demonstrate significant reductions in serum and hepatic triglycerides in high-fat-diet models. Pear fiber improves lipid metabolism via gut microbiota modulation and regulation of hepatic lipid-metabolizing pathways. Human evidence is indirect, from dietary fiber and polyphenol research.

Pectin supplementation has shown significant reductions in serum triglycerides in multiple human and animal trials. The mechanism involves reduced VLDL secretion, decreased intestinal fat absorption, and microbiota-mediated lipid metabolism improvements.

Perilla seed oil, high in alpha-linolenic acid (~57%), significantly reduced triglyceride levels in hyperlipidemic animal models. A 12-month human RCT with perilla seed oil in Japanese seniors showed significant reductions in plasma triglycerides as part of its cognitive/metabolic effects. ALA from perilla oil modulates hepatic lipid metabolism.

Multiple clinical trials show berberine from P. amurense significantly lowers serum triglycerides in diabetic and osteoarthritic populations. A 2025 meta-analysis of RCTs confirmed a weighted mean difference of −0.367 mmol/L for triglyceride reduction. An 8-week RCT with P. amurense plus citrus extract found significant triglyceride reductions in both overweight and normal-weight subjects.

Multiple RCTs and meta-analyses show phytosterol supplementation significantly reduces serum triglycerides. A 2024 meta-analysis found a mean TG reduction of approximately 6.34 mg/dL, and a 2025 systematic review of RCTs in metabolic syndrome patients reported TG drops of 19–24%. Mechanistically, phytosterols reduce hepatic TG production and promote TG breakdown via lipoprotein lipase.

A pilot clinical study (PMC, 2022) and a preclinical NAFLD model both show P. kurroa reduces elevated serum triglycerides. The clinical pilot treating dyslipidemia patients with 500 mg Kutaki tablets twice daily for 60–106 days showed up to 52% maximum reduction in serum triglycerides.

Plant sterols demonstrate a modest but documented triglyceride-lowering effect, particularly in individuals with elevated baseline triglycerides or metabolic syndrome. A meta-analysis of 12 studies found a significant 6% TG reduction at intakes of 1.6–2.5 g/day, with more pronounced effects in those with hypertriglyceridemia. The mechanism involves reduced hepatic VLDL secretion.

Soluble fiber from Plantago ovata (psyllium) can reduce triglycerides, particularly when consumed as part of a high-fiber diet. The 2024 meta-analysis of 29 RCTs found soluble fiber intake from Plantago specifically lowered triglycerides in subgroup analyses. Benefit is most pronounced in metabolic syndrome and diabetic populations.

A randomized clinical trial of P. major seed in NAFLD patients found significant reductions in triglycerides (P=0.001) after 12 weeks of supplementation at 2 g/day. Psyllium soluble fiber specifically lowered triglycerides in a subgroup analysis of a 2024 meta-analysis. A double-blind placebo-controlled RCT (n=125) with psyllium in type 2 diabetes also found significant triglyceride reduction.

Platycodon saponins and fermented PG extracts consistently reduce serum triglyceride levels in high-fat-diet animal models. One human RCT demonstrated lipid-lowering effects in obese adults. Platycodin D inhibits intracellular triglyceride accumulation and intestinal fat absorption.

Preclinical studies consistently demonstrate that platycodon root saponins lower serum and liver triglycerides in hyperlipidemic and diabetic animal models. In a 1996 rat study, a 5% platycodon diet significantly decreased serum and liver triglyceride concentrations. Platycodin D reduces serum TG via the AMPK/ACC/CPT-1 fatty acid metabolism pathway.

Clinical evidence is mixed: a systematic review found pomegranate can reduce triglycerides in metabolic syndrome contexts, while RxList notes pomegranate seed oil (not juice) may preferentially improve triglycerides. A 2025 cardiometabolic meta-analysis found reductions in total cholesterol but did not separately identify a robust TG effect. Most positive TG data come from higher-risk populations.

Multiple preclinical studies show pomelo extract and its naringin constituent significantly lower serum triglycerides. One rat study showed TG reductions of 21–27% from pomelo concentrate. Pomelo flavonoids inhibit hepatic apolipoprotein B secretion and pancreatic lipase activity, reducing fat absorption and de novo lipogenesis.

Human pilot trials show Opuntia cladode and fruit consumption can reduce serum triglycerides, with one RCT reporting a 12% decrease. Animal and cell studies further support inhibition of hepatic triglyceride accumulation. Evidence is preliminary but consistent across multiple study types.

Animal studies document that FLL supplementation reduces serum triglyceride levels in laying hens, and preclinical reviews identify lipid-lowering activity including triglyceride reduction as a pharmacological property. No human trials exist.

Propionate suppresses hepatic lipogenesis and reduces hepatic triglyceride levels in rodent high-fat diet models and is associated with lower intrahepatocellular lipid in humans receiving long-term colonic propionate delivery. A 7-week human RCT found sodium propionate supplementation raised serum triglyceride levels by 16.7%, highlighting complexity and context-dependency of these effects. Propionate enhances adipose tissue LPL-mediated triglyceride extraction, influencing systemic triglyceride handling.

Prunus domestica intake has been investigated in RCTs measuring full lipid panels including triglycerides. Studies in hypercholesterolemic subjects and postmenopausal women using prune consumption protocols measured triglyceride levels alongside TC and LDL-c. In vitro, P. domestica inhibits pancreatic lipase (involved in fat absorption), providing a plausible mechanism for triglyceride-lowering.

Psyllium husk (Plantago ovata), a well-studied soluble fiber, has FDA-qualified health claims for cholesterol reduction and has also been shown in meta-analyses to modestly lower triglycerides in patients with metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Its high viscosity traps bile acids and reduces fat absorption.

P. marsupium and its isolated flavonoids (marsupsin, pterosupin) significantly reduce serum triglycerides in hyperlipidemic animal models. A 2026 atherosclerosis study in Wistar rats also confirmed triglyceride reduction with heartwood extract.

Pumpkin seed flour and oil have shown triglyceride-lowering effects in animal dyslipidemia models, with proposed mechanisms involving increased faecal cholesterol excretion and upregulation of lipid catabolism. One small human pilot study (postmenopausal women) found triglycerides remained stable with PSO while trending upward in controls.

Animal studies show that B. diffusa leaf extract at 200 mg/kg significantly reduces serum and tissue triglycerides in alloxan-diabetic rats. This antihyperlipidemic effect was observed alongside reductions in cholesterol and free fatty acids. Evidence is limited to preclinical rodent models.

A 2023 meta-analysis of 13 RCTs found purslane significantly reduced serum triglycerides by a weighted mean difference of −16.72 mg/dL (p<0.001). A 2023 broader meta-analysis confirmed triglyceride reductions of approximately −15.8 mg/dL with doses >1 g/day. These effects are attributed to purslane's omega-3 fatty acids and hypolipidemic polysaccharides.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (n=29, 20 mg/day, 12 weeks) in healthy Japanese adults with elevated triglycerides (110–300 mg/dL) specifically investigated PQQ's effects on serum TG and cholesterol. Earlier rodent data showed TG reduction following PQQ supplementation in PQQ-depleted animals.

Quercetin, a widely distributed flavonol, has been shown in multiple meta-analyses to significantly reduce serum triglycerides and total cholesterol. It inhibits fatty acid synthesis, activates PPAR-alpha, and reduces oxidative stress. Meta-analyses confirm TG-lowering in cardiometabolic disease populations.

In a rat model of iron-induced hepatotoxicity, Quillaja bark saponin significantly reduced elevated triglyceride (TG) levels, bringing them to 54% of the hepatotoxicity control. In vitro studies also suggest saponins interfere with intestinal lipid solubilization broadly, including triglyceride lipolysis products.

A dose-response RCT found that 50 g/day of quinoa for 12 weeks significantly reduced serum triglycerides in overweight/obese adults (from 1.14 to 0.72 mmol/L). A meta-analysis of human studies confirmed a significant TG-lowering WMD of −0.08 mmol/L. A trial with quinoa cereal bars also reported significant TG reductions. Quinoa's fiber and bile acid-binding proteins are mechanistically linked.

A preclinical study in ApoE-knockout mice on a high-cholesterol diet found that white radish extract most significantly reduced triglyceride levels compared to control. Radish seed glucosinolate extract in obese mice also decreased serum triglycerides. No human trials have specifically assessed this effect.

Several RCTs and a meta-analysis indicate that red clover isoflavones can reduce triglyceride levels, particularly in postmenopausal women. A crossover RCT of 60 postmenopausal women (80 mg/day for 90 days) found triglyceride levels significantly lower with red clover versus placebo. A 2019 systematic review found a non-significant trend toward triglyceride reduction across pooled studies.

Red yeast (Monascus purpureus) fermented on rice produces monacolins including monacolin K (structurally identical to lovastatin), which inhibit HMG-CoA reductase and significantly reduce triglycerides. A meta-analysis of 13 RCTs found TG reductions of −0.23 mmol/L (p<0.001) vs. placebo.

Red yeast rice (Monascus purpureus fermented rice) contains monacolins including monacolin K (a natural statin), which lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. A meta-analysis of 13 RCTs found significant TG reductions (WMD = −0.23 mmol/L, p<0.001). A second meta-analysis of 15 high-quality RCTs showed red yeast rice was more effective than statins for TG lowering.

R. glutinosa polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and catalpol all demonstrate triglyceride-lowering effects in diabetic animal models. Methanol extracts of Rehmanniae Radix significantly inhibited serum triglycerides in STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats. Catalpol attenuated TG increases in hyperlipidemic diabetic rats (p=0.0084).

Preclinical studies consistently show reishi hot water extract reduces plasma triacylglycerols in hyperlipidaemic animal models, alongside LDL reductions. Animal studies in obese and high-fat-diet models show triglyceride normalisation linked to altered lipogenic gene expression and microbiome changes. Human evidence from RCTs is limited — the Cochrane review found no significant triglyceride reduction — but traditional use and preclinical data support this link.

Resveratrol, a stilbenoid polyphenol from red grapes and Polygonum cuspidatum, has been shown in multiple meta-analyses of RCTs to significantly reduce serum triglycerides. It activates SIRT1 and AMPK, inhibiting lipogenic pathways and promoting fatty acid oxidation.

In a comparative rodent model, both arabica and robusta coffee supplementation reduced liver triglyceride content in type-2 diabetic rats, with robusta additionally raising plasma adiponectin and HDL. A clinical RCT in PCOS patients given green coffee supplement showed significant decreases in serum triglycerides (p<0.05). Chlorogenic acids from coffee have been documented to significantly inhibit increases in serum lipid levels in animal models.

Rosmarinic acid has demonstrated triglyceride-lowering effects in preclinical lipid models. In high-fat-diet-fed mice, RA treatment significantly decreased plasma triglyceride levels alongside total cholesterol reduction, via modulation of reverse cholesterol transport and lipid metabolism genes in liver. In HepG2 hepatocyte models, RA also countered oleic acid-induced triglyceride accumulation.

Evidence on RJ and triglycerides is mixed. A 2017 meta-analysis of 6 human trials found no significant triglyceride reduction. A 2023 dose-response meta-analysis of 8 RCTs found RJ significantly reduced triglycerides (WMD −12.65 mg/dL). Individual trials are inconsistent, and effects may depend on dose and population.

In the SYSDIET randomized study, higher whole-grain rye intake (indexed by alkylresorcinol ratio) was inversely associated with plasma triglyceride concentrations in metabolic syndrome patients. Rye's fermentable fiber generates propionate, which can inhibit hepatic lipogenesis. The effect on triglycerides is modest and less consistently observed than LDL effects.

Safflower oil reduced triglycerides versus butter and beef fat in a large meta-analysis of human trials. Animal studies with safflower flower extract also showed significant reductions in serum triglycerides, including in a type 2 diabetes rat model. The high polyunsaturated fat content is the primary mechanism.

Clinical RCTs in hyperlipidemic and diabetic patients report significant triglyceride reductions with sage leaf extract. A 2025 placebo-controlled RCT in PCOS patients also confirmed reduced triglyceride levels. Sage inhibits pancreatic lipase and activates PPARγ, reducing triglyceride synthesis and absorption.

Schisandrins decrease triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in preclinical models, and a small 12-week RCT in 28 women showed Schisandra supplementation (6.7 g/day) supported healthier triglyceride levels versus placebo. Human evidence is limited to this single underpowered trial.

SDG reduces hepatic and serum triglycerides in multiple rodent obesity and metabolic disease models by downregulating lipid synthesis genes and upregulating lipid oxidation pathways. A high-fat diet containing 1.0% SDG significantly decreased liver TAG and serum TAG in C57BL/6 mice. A human RCT with 60 mg SDG/day found a trend toward TG reduction, though statistical significance for TG specifically was not reached after multiple comparison correction.

Sesame consistently reduces triglycerides across multiple clinical trials and meta-analyses. A 2016 meta-analysis found a significant reduction in serum triglycerides (−0.24 mmol/L), and a 2023 crossover RCT in 30 healthy volunteers showed sesame meal extract reduced postprandial triglyceride AUC by 16.8%. Effects are attributed to pancreatic lipase inhibition by free fatty acids (linoleic, oleic acid) and hepatic lipid metabolism modulation by sesamin.

Multiple studies show shiitake supplementation lowers plasma triglycerides (triacylglycerols). A rat study found a 55% reduction in plasma TAG on a high-fat diet with high-dose shiitake. A human RCT in borderline-high-cholesterol adults also reported triglyceride reductions. Beta-glucans promoting fecal fat excretion are a proposed mechanism.

Animal studies show Z. bungeanum seed oil and HAS reduce serum triglycerides in high-fat-diet models. Lipid-lowering activity is listed among the primary pharmacological activities of Z. bungeanum in multiple systematic reviews. Human-specific data are from broader spicy-food studies.

Silymarin, the flavonolignan complex from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), has been shown in RCTs and meta-analyses to reduce triglycerides in NAFLD and T2D patients. The silymarin-berberine combination shows particularly strong TG-lowering in meta-analysis.

Evidence from pooled analyses of randomised controlled trials shows that plant stanols (principally sitostanol) reduce serum triglycerides modestly (~6%) in unselected hypercholesterolaemic subjects, and more substantially (11–28%) in individuals with elevated baseline triglycerides. The mechanism involves reduced hepatic production of large, triglyceride-rich VLDL-1 particles. A network meta-analysis of 131 trials did not find a statistically significant average effect, indicating the response is baseline-dependent.

S. japonica extract reduced hepatic and serum triglycerides in high-fat diet animal models. Kaempferol glycosides and quercetin from the plant may decrease triglyceride levels. Preclinical evidence is consistent, though human-specific triglyceride RCTs are limited.

Soy protein and soy isoflavones have been shown in multiple RCTs and meta-analyses to reduce triglycerides and LDL cholesterol. The FDA approved a health claim for soy protein and cardiovascular disease. Active components include soy protein, genistein, daidzein, and phospholipids.

Soy isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, equol) have evidence from RCTs and meta-analyses for modest TG reduction, particularly in menopausal women and metabolic syndrome patients. They act via phytoestrogenic and PPAR-alpha/gamma mechanisms to modulate lipid metabolism.

Soy protein has an FDA-approved health claim for cardiovascular disease risk reduction, based on LDL cholesterol lowering. Multiple meta-analyses also show significant triglyceride reductions with soy protein consumption (25–50 g/day). The mechanism involves enhanced hepatic VLDL-TG clearance and reduced VLDL secretion.

Clinical evidence indicates soy protein can reduce triglyceride levels, particularly in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia. A review of clinical studies found that soy-protein diets decrease triglycerides, especially in subjects with elevated baseline levels, though effects on HDL are minimal. One controlled trial in hyperlipidemic subjects found soy protein reduced triglycerides by 12.4%. Evidence for soy isoflavones alone on triglycerides is less consistent.

Both preclinical and clinical data support triglyceride-lowering effects for S. indicus. Diabetic rat studies show significant lipid profile normalization, and a meta-analysis of RCTs in obese humans found reduced triglycerides with the Meratrim blend.

Spirulina (Arthrospira maxima/platensis) has been shown in multiple meta-analyses of RCTs to significantly reduce plasma triglycerides. A 2015 meta-analysis of 7 RCTs found a TG reduction of −44.2 mg/dL, and a 2023 GRADE-assessed meta-analysis of 23 studies (n=1,035) confirmed significant TG reduction (Hedge's g = −0.64).

Human and animal data on squalene's effect on triglycerides are conflicting. One RCT reported a modest 5.3% reduction in triglycerides at 860 mg/day, while a human study using 900 mg/day found triglycerides unchanged, and multiple animal studies showed triglyceride elevations. The overall evidence does not support a reliable triglyceride-lowering effect.

One human study in women with hypercholesterolemia found stevia leaf extract reduced triglycerides alongside total cholesterol and LDL. However, a larger meta-analysis of 28 RCTs found no significant overall effect of non-nutritive sweeteners including stevia on triglycerides. A controlled trial in diabetic patients (24 weeks) showed lipid profile improvement in the diabetic subgroup. Evidence is inconsistent.

Human RCT meta-analyses have examined triglyceride levels as an endpoint for SG supplementation. The 2019 Nutrients meta-analysis (n=462, nine RCTs) reported a non-significant increase in triglycerides favoring placebo, while animal models show SGs normalize hyperlipidemia including triglycerides. The overall clinical effect in humans is not statistically significant.

Stigmasterol reduces serum and hepatic triglyceride accumulation in high-fat diet animal models, suppresses hepatic lipogenic gene expression, and prevents diet-induced elevations of specific di- and triacylglycerol species. It is more potent than β-sitosterol for these lipid endpoints in preclinical models.

Clinical trials in humans show sunflower oil and seeds reduce triglyceride levels, particularly when substituted for saturated fats. A 3-week study in women with type 2 diabetes consuming 30 g/day sunflower seeds observed a 12% reduction in triglycerides. High-oleic sunflower oil also reduced triglycerides in a controlled crossover trial.

RCT evidence shows sunflower oil consumption significantly lowers serum triglyceride levels in people with dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. A study of 15 healthy adults on a high-oleic sunflower oil diet for 10 weeks also found significantly lower triglycerides compared to a saturated fat diet.

Animal studies confirm hypolipidemic activity of A. calamus including reduction in serum triglycerides. A PubMed-indexed rat study (2002) showed significant hypolipidemic activity with ethanolic extract and isolated saponins. Triglyceride-lowering was replicated in db/db diabetic mice treated with ACE fraction.

Tangeretin is a polymethoxylated flavone from citrus peel related to nobiletin, with evidence for triglyceride-lowering via hepatic PPAR-alpha activation and VLDL suppression. Studies in animals show robust TG-lowering, and human data from citrus polyphenol trials support its contribution to TG reduction.

Multiple meta-analyses of RCTs confirm that taurine supplementation significantly reduces serum triglyceride levels. A 2020 meta-analysis reported a WMD of −13.05 mg/dL, and a 2025 meta-analysis reported −14.42 mg/dL, in diverse patient populations.

Clinical and animal studies demonstrate Terminalia arjuna and T. chebula reduce serum triglycerides. A clinical study in coronary artery disease patients found T. arjuna produced a 17.9% reduction in serum triglycerides. Animal and in vitro data for T. chebula also show significant triglyceride-lowering activity.

A pilot clinical trial in 24 hypertriglyceridemia patients (TG >499 mg/dL) found that 14 days of T. cordifolia water extract (100 mL/day, ~3 g) significantly decreased triglycerides and VLDL and increased HDL. Animal studies also consistently show T. cordifolia reduces triglyceride levels.

Several clinical studies report reductions in serum triglycerides with tocotrienol supplementation, particularly in metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemic populations. A 12-week RCT in metabolic syndrome patients found a 7.1% reduction in triglycerides. Results across trials are mixed, and the effect is not consistent in all meta-analyses.

Preclinical studies show pterostilbene reduces triglyceride accumulation in liver cells and fat tissue via PPAR-α activation and AMPK signaling. The key human RCT found no significant change in serum triglycerides with pterostilbene monotherapy in hypercholesterolemic adults.

T. kirilowii seed oil and peel polysaccharides have demonstrated significant triglyceride-lowering activity in hyperlipidemic animal models. Seed oil (TSO) combined with flavonoids produced significant declines in serum triglycerides in high-fat-diet mice. Peel polysaccharide (TRP) significantly decreased serum TG alongside TC and LDL-C in hyperlipidemia mice. All evidence is preclinical.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and its primary bioactive curcumin have been shown in multiple meta-analyses of RCTs to reduce triglycerides, particularly in patients with NAFLD, T2D, and metabolic syndrome. Curcumin is the primary active compound responsible for TG-lowering via PPAR-alpha activation and SREBP-1c inhibition.

Clinical evidence shows CoQ10 can modestly lower triglycerides, particularly in PCOS and metabolic syndrome populations. CoQ10 has beneficial effects on lipid metabolism by upregulating PPARα, which drives fatty acid β-oxidation and lipolysis. A clinical study in PCOS women found CoQ10 decreased triglycerides alongside total cholesterol and LDL while increasing HDL.

Human clinical trials including a 12-week trial in 60 T2DM patients on sodium metavanadate showed reductions in triglyceride levels alongside HbA1c and LDL-cholesterol. Animal studies consistently confirm triglyceride-lowering effects. However, one human study found vanadyl sulfate actually increased triglycerides in obese patients, indicating inconsistent human findings.

Human trials in type 2 diabetic patients have observed reductions in serum triglycerides with vanadyl sulfate treatment, alongside improvements in blood glucose. A systematic review of animal studies confirmed hypolipidemic effects on triglycerides across multiple vanadium compound forms. Human evidence is limited to small trials.

Niacin (nicotinic acid, vitamin B3) is one of the most potent agents for lowering triglycerides, with clinical use dating to 1955. It reduces triglycerides by 20–50% at pharmacological doses (1–3 g/day) and is recognized by the AHA/ACC and AACE/ACE as a treatment option for hypertriglyceridemia.

Multiple clinical trials of the B5 derivative pantethine have demonstrated significant reductions in triglyceride levels in hyperlipidemic adults. A 2005 review of 28 trials (n=646) found average triglyceride declines of 14.2% at 1 month and 32.9% at 4 months at a median dose of 900 mg/day. Pantothenic acid's role in CoA-mediated fatty acid metabolism underpins this effect.

Walnuts are rich in ALA (omega-3), polyunsaturated fatty acids, and polyphenols. Clinical trials and meta-analyses consistently show walnut consumption reduces triglycerides and improves the overall lipid profile. The AHA includes walnuts among recommended heart-healthy foods for cholesterol and TG management.

Wasabi leaf extract reduced plasma triglycerides in animal studies, and in the diet-induced metabolic syndrome rat model, wasabi supplementation significantly decreased plasma triglycerides in high-fat diet animals. In diabetic rodents, allyl isothiocyanate also reduced triglyceride concentrations. No human clinical evidence for triglyceride reduction exists.

The Gill et al. (2007) RCT in 60 healthy adults consuming 85 g raw watercress daily for 8 weeks found approximately 10% reduction in blood triglyceride levels. The 2025 systematic review of 7 RCTs found a mean decrease in triglycerides from 107 to 105 mg/dL, while noting the placebo group experienced a significant increase, suggesting a protective effect.

Daily watermelon consumption and lycopene supplementation have shown significant reductions in serum triglycerides in clinical trials. Effects are documented in overweight adults and heart failure patients.

Whole-grain wheat intake is associated with lower triglyceride concentrations in large prospective cohort studies. In a wheat-bran + probiotic animal study, triglycerides were reduced by 19%. RCTs of whole-grain wheat diets have not consistently demonstrated significant triglyceride reductions independent of weight change, with meta-analyses of whole-grain diets showing no significant effect on triglycerides.

The same 2017 RCT that documented cholesterol changes found a 9.5% reduction in triglycerides (TAGs) in hyperlipidemic women taking 3.5 g/day wheatgrass for 10 weeks (p=0.045 vs. control). Animal studies corroborate triglyceride-lowering effects of wheatgrass juice.

Multiple meta-analyses confirm that whey protein supplementation of ≥12 weeks significantly reduces fasting triglyceride levels, particularly in healthy adults. The Clinical Nutrition meta-analysis (21 RCTs) found a mean reduction of −8.20 mg/dL in healthy participants. A separate meta-analysis of 13 RCTs and a meta-analysis in metabolic syndrome patients (WMD: −17.12 mg/dL) corroborate this finding.

The same randomized clinical trial in T2DM patients showing cholesterol reduction with XOS also showed lipid improvements, and animal studies consistently demonstrate XOS reduces serum and hepatic triglycerides. High-dose XOS in a murine MASLD model significantly reduced serum triglyceride levels and hepatic steatosis.

The 2020 PMC rat study (STZ diabetes model) showed yarrow extract significantly reduced serum triglycerides alongside total cholesterol and LDL, with effects comparable to metformin. The evidence is preclinical only.

Brewer's yeast supplementation has been shown in at least two human trials to significantly reduce plasma triglyceride levels in type 2 diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia. The glucose tolerance factor (GTF) chromium is the primary attributed mechanism, through improved insulin sensitivity and reduced hepatic triglyceride synthesis. Results are not consistent across all studies.

Preclinical studies across multiple Zanthoxylum species demonstrate significant triglyceride-lowering effects. Z. armatum extracts reduced serum triglycerides in diabetic mice; Z. heitzii extract prevented aortic cholesterol and triglyceride elevation in hypercholesterolemic rats; hydroxy-α-sanshool from Z. bungeanum reduced serum TG in high-fat diet rats.

Bee pollen has been traditionally included in formulations aimed at dyslipidemia and cardiovascular wellness. Animal studies show lipid-lowering effects, though triglyceride-specific human evidence is lacking; one mouse study found no significant change in triacylglycerols despite reductions in cholesterol.

Bergenia (Bergenia crassifolia/ligulata), known as 'pashanbheda' in Ayurveda and 'saxifrage' in European herbalism, has some preclinical and traditional evidence for lipid-lowering including TG modulation, primarily via bergenin and gallic acid content. Human clinical evidence for TG lowering specifically is limited.

Caraway extracts reduce triglycerides in animal models, with the Springer/Mahboubi review noting 'caraway reduces plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels.' However, human RCTs with caraway aqueous extract and Bunium persicum have not shown significant triglyceride reduction, leaving human evidence insufficient.

Multiple animal studies demonstrate A. bisporus extract reduces serum and hepatic triglycerides in high-fat diet and diabetic models. The mechanisms involve inhibition of lipogenic transcription factors (SREBP-1c), pancreatic lipase inhibition, and upregulation of lipid oxidation via PPARα. No human RCTs for triglyceride outcomes have been published.

Chromic oxide is a form of trivalent chromium used in some nutritional research, though chromium picolinate and nicotinate are more clinically studied forms. The TG evidence relates to the elemental chromium's role in insulin sensitization. Limited specific evidence for chromic oxide form; the TG evidence is extrapolated from chromium supplementation trials.

Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) has traditional use in European and Asian herbalism for liver and metabolic conditions including lipid disorders. Preclinical studies show TG-lowering effects via PPAR-alpha activation and hepatic lipid modulation; clinical human data is limited but supportive.

Guggul (Commiphora mukul resin) has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for centuries to treat medoroga (lipid disorders) and is traditionally prescribed for elevated cholesterol and triglycerides. The active guggulsterones are claimed to modulate thyroid hormone and bile acid receptor activity. Clinical RCT evidence in Western populations is inconsistent.

Guggulsterones (E and Z isomers), the active steroids in Commiphora mukul resin, are proposed to lower triglycerides and cholesterol via bile acid receptor (FXR) antagonism and thyroid hormone modulation. Used in Ayurvedic medicine for lipid disorders, but modern RCT evidence in non-Indian populations is weak and inconsistent.

Gymnema (Gymnema sylvestre), traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine as 'gurmar' (sugar destroyer), has been studied in clinical trials for effects on blood glucose and lipids including triglycerides in diabetic patients. Gymnemic acids modulate fat and sugar absorption and may reduce TG in T2D and dyslipidemic patients.

Gymnema Sylvestre has clinical trial evidence from Ayurvedic traditional medicine contexts showing reduction in triglycerides alongside blood glucose in T2D patients. Gymnemic acids reduce intestinal fat and sugar absorption. Most evidence comes from small Indian clinical studies.

Maca (Lepidium meyenii), a Peruvian root vegetable used traditionally by indigenous Andean peoples, has limited clinical evidence for triglyceride lowering. Small clinical studies suggest modest lipid improvements including TG reduction. Traditional use in Andean medicine spans centuries for energy, fertility, and metabolic health.

Policosanol, a mixture of long-chain aliphatic alcohols derived from sugarcane wax, has been studied for lipid-lowering effects including triglycerides. Original Cuban studies showed efficacy, but independent international RCTs have generally not replicated these findings. Its TG-lowering use is considered traditional/unverified by mainstream guidelines.

Triphala is a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal formula combining three fruits (Amalaki, Bibhitaki, Haritaki). Traditional use includes treatment of medoroga (fat disorders) and dyslipidemia. Clinical studies show lipid-lowering effects including TG reduction, with gallic acid, ellagic acid, and chebulinic acid as key bioactives.